Prevention of progression of myopia of varying degrees in pregnant women with a normal pregnancy

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of the study was to identify the causes of the progression of myopia in the postpartum period in pregnant women with myopia (of varying degrees) with a normal pregnancy without gestosis, without pronounced dystrophic changes in the retina, for which morphometric indicators of the membranes of the eye, the effect on the reduction of the relative accommodation reserve (ZOA) of 2.5% irifrin in the prenatal period, as well as the effect of drugs with active the substance brinzolamide (Azopt, brinex) for increased intraocular pressure (IOP) during the difficult period of labor. During instillations, tear points were blocked to exclude systemic effects of drugs. Materials and methods. All patients underwent ophthalmological examination.78 pregnant women aged 18–35 years (average age 27.4 ± 1) were under observation, of which groups were formed: group 1 – 34 pregnant women with myopia (main), where 2.5% irifrin instillations were prescribed in the third trimester, 1 drop per night for 2 weeks, ZOA was examined before and after instillations. Group 2 – 20 patients of pregnant women with myopia of varying degrees. Group 3 – 12 patients of pregnant women with emmetropia, group 4 – 12 pregnant women with hypermetropia. Results. It was revealed in the prenatal period a decrease in ZOA in all groups, low visual acuity without correction in groups 1 and 2. In group 1 (after instillations), a 2-fold increase in ZOA and an increase in visual acuity without correction were noted before childbirth. In all groups, there was an increase in the volume of the cornea and anterior chamber, more pronounced in groups 1 and 2. The increase in IOP during the period of labor in all groups did not significantly affect group 1, 3 and 4, where there was a gradual significant moderate decrease in the volume of the anterior chamber and cornea, stabilization of the PZO. In the 2nd group, in the postpartum period, there was a tendency to increase PZO, for a long time (according to the terms of observation), a larger volume of the anterior chamber and the thickness of the cornea were retained. Conclusions. The proposed method of treatment helps to stabilize myopia in women in labor, prevents stretching and progression of myopia in the postpartum period. Keywords: pregnancy, myopia, accommodation