Gauge Theory and spontaneous breaking of symmetry in superconductors

Abstract

This paper examines two key aspects related to symmetry in physical systems in detail. The first part of the paper presents the Gauge Theory whereas the second part demonstrates a particular example of spontaneous symmetry breaking: Superconductivity. Subsequently the history which led to the development of Gauge Theory is reviewed along with the supporting concepts of invariance and local/global symmetry of dynamic systems. This results into the base level of physical knowledge of Gauge Theory. Further, it has been corroborated how Classical Electromagnetics is gauge symmetric. This has been supported by mathematical working as well. After understanding the importance of symmetry the paper investigates into the cases of spontaneous symmetry breaking. A particular case of spontaneous symmetry breaking, namely superconductivity has been considered. Next it has been demonstrated, how the phenomenon of superconductivity is actually a case of disruption of rotational spin symmetry in the superconducting material. And in conclusion, it will be clear how Gauge Theory has proved to be of immense use in the advancement of science.