Effect of Curcuma Longa Rhizome Extract on Fasting Blood Sugar Levels and HbA1C in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is developing into a serious global problem. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by an increase in blood levels that are more than the normal reference. In type 2 DM generally occurs due to reduced insulin secretion and sensitivity over time. Control of blood sugar levels can improve the patient's quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the effect of curcuma longa rhizome extract on fast­ing blood sugar levels and HbA1C in patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis of a number of randomized con­trolled trials. The articles were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, Springerlink, BMJ, and Sci­encedirect data­bases, published from 2010-2020. The article search was carried out by con­sidering the eligibility criteria defined using the PICO model. P: Type 2 diabetes patients, I: Cur­cuma longa rhizome extract, C: Placebo, and O: Fasting blood sugar levels and HbA1C. The keywords to find articles are as follows: "Curcuma longa", OR "Curcu­min" OR "Tume­ric" OR "Curcuma" AND "Fast­ing blood glu­cose" AND "HbA1C" OR "Glice­mic" OR "Dia­betes Mellitus" AND "Rando­mized Controll Trials". Articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 14 articles were reviewed in this study. Meta-analysis of 12 articles showed that the curcuma longa rhizome extract reduced fasting blood sugar levels (Stan­dar­dized Mean Diffe­rence= -0.48; 95% CI= -0.61 to -0.34; p <0.001). The meta-analysis of 11 articles showed that admi­nis­tration of curcuma longa rhizome extract decreased HbA1C levels (Standardized Mean Difference= -0.40; 95% CI= -0.59 to -0.20; p <0.001). This meta-ana­ly­sis combines primary studies from Iran, Japan, Thailand, China, Mexico, Brazil, and Australia Conclusion: Curcuma longa rhizome extract reduces fasting blood sugar and HbA1C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Keyword s : Curcuma longa, Fasting blood sugar levels, HbA1C, diabetes mellitus type 2, randomized controlled trial Correspondence:  Riska Fajar Fatony. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: respatieka10@gmail.com. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(02): 119-134 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.02.01