Molecular characterization of the Newcastle disease virus that caused an outbreak in backyard birds in Costa Rica in 2015

Bernal León, J. Cordero-Solorzano, Idania Chacón, O. Aguilar, Guisella Chaves, M. Guzmán, Fabián Carvajal, Ronaldo Chaves
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Abstract

Costa Rica gained its Newcastle Disease Virus NDV-free status with vaccination according to OIE proceedings in 1996, and its declaration as a country free of the velogenic, viscerotropic form of this disease (G/SPS/GEN/119) presented to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1999. On April 24th, 2015, SENASA (National Animal Health Service) attended a velogenic Newcastle disease outbreak that affected backyard chickens in a small town (Bellavista, Guanacaste) in the northern part of the country, near the Nicaraguan border. Sixty-five backyard birds died from a total of 84 exposed animals. Blood samples, cloacal swabs, tracheal swabs, cecal tonsils, lung and trachea tissues were collected for diagnosis at the National Veterinary Services Laboratory (LANASEVE). These samples were screened for Avian Influenza (AIV) and NDV. All samples were negative for Avian Influenza in ELISA test and RT-PCR. Serum samples were positive for NDV antibody by hemagglutination inhibition test, and tissue and swab samples were positive for NDV by conventional RT-qPCR targeting a 310 bp fragment of the virus fusion protein gene. The amino acid sequence of the protease cleavage site within the amplicon matched the sequence of a virulent strain (112RRQKRF117). The nucleotide sequence had a 98.7% identity and an e value of 4e-153 with a genotype V velogenic sequence from Belize (KF767467) and Honduras (JN872194) collected in 2008 and 2007, respectively, according to BLASTN. A total of 3604 backyard birds were euthanized in town and its surroundings (1 km), including 3495 chickens, 66 turkeys, 6 geese, and 37 ducks. The case was considered resolved, and OIE was notified in November 2015 following OIE guidelines. In April 2017, Costa Rica recovered its disease-free status through executive decree No. 40301-MAG.
2015年在哥斯达黎加后院鸟类中引起爆发的纽卡斯尔病病毒的分子特征
根据世界动物卫生组织1996年的程序,哥斯达黎加通过接种疫苗获得了无新城疫病毒的地位,并于1999年向世界贸易组织(WTO)提交了它作为无疫性、嗜内脏型新城疫病的国家的声明(G/SPS/GEN/119)。2015年4月24日,SENASA(国家动物卫生服务局)在该国北部靠近尼加拉瓜边境的一个小镇(瓜纳卡斯特的贝拉维斯塔)处理了一起影响后院鸡的新城疫疫情。共有84只暴露在禽流感中的家禽死亡65只。在国家兽医服务实验室(LANASEVE)收集血液样本、肛肠拭子、气管拭子、盲肠扁桃体、肺和气管组织进行诊断。对这些样本进行了禽流感(AIV)和NDV筛查。所有样本经酶联免疫吸附试验和RT-PCR检测均为禽流感阴性。血清血凝抑制试验检测NDV抗体阳性,组织和拭子检测病毒融合蛋白基因310 bp片段RT-qPCR检测NDV阳性。扩增子内蛋白酶裂解位点的氨基酸序列与毒力菌株(112RRQKRF117)的序列相匹配。根据BLASTN,该核苷酸序列与2008年和2007年分别从伯利兹(KF767467)和洪都拉斯(JN872194)收集的V型基因突变序列同源性为98.7%,e值为4e-153。在小镇及其周边(1公里)共对3604只家禽实施了安乐死,其中鸡3495只,火鸡66只,鹅6只,鸭37只。该案件被认为已经解决,并于2015年11月按照世界动物卫生组织的指导方针通知了世界动物卫生组织。2017年4月,哥斯达黎加通过第40301-MAG号行政命令恢复了无病状态。
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