Response of wheat to mineral nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizer (Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp.) inoculation under different levels of weed interference
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引用次数: 47
Abstract
It is important to develop integrated fertilization strategies for crop production that enhance the competitive ability of the crop, minimize weed competition, and reduce the risk of nonpoint source pollution from nitrogen. In order to study the effects of mineral nitrogen fertilization and biofertilizer inoculation on grain yield, yield components and protein content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different levels of weed interference, a field experiment in Factorial scheme based on Randomized Complete Block design was conducted in three replications. Experimental factors were: (i) Four levels of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha–1), (ii) Two levels of biofertilizer (with and without inoculation) containing Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. and (iii) Two levels of weed interference (weedy check and weed free). Wheat yield, yield components and protein content of grains had a strong association with the N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and weed interference. Higher rates of N fertilization and biofertilizer (Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp.) inoculation increased plant height, spike number per unit of area, grains number per spike, 1 000-grains weight, grain yield, biological yield and grain protein content while weeds interference decreased significantly all these traits except plant height. Application of 150 kg N ha–1 was statistically in par with 200 kg N ha–1 in the most of the studied traits. Moreover, our results showed that manual hoeing prevents weeds from being a limiting factor for crop productivity in wheat. It seems that moderate N rate (about 150 kg N ha–1) can be beneficial to improve growth, development and total yield of inoculated wheat. Thus it is suggested to use a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers to achieve the highest yield without negative effect on grain quality that will lead to environmental conservation.
制定综合施肥策略,提高作物竞争力,减少杂草竞争,降低氮素非点源污染风险,对作物生产具有重要意义。为了研究在不同杂草干扰水平下,施用无机氮肥和接种生物肥料对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)籽粒产量、产量组成和蛋白质含量的影响,采用随机完全区设计的析因方案,分3个重复进行田间试验。试验因素为:(i) 4个水平的化学氮肥(0、100、150和200 kg N hm - 1), (ii) 2个水平(接种和不接种)含固氮菌和氮螺旋菌的生物肥料,(iii) 2个水平的杂草干扰(杂草抑制和无杂草)。小麦产量、产量组成和籽粒蛋白质含量与施氮、接种生物肥料和杂草干扰有较强的相关性。较高的施氮量和生物肥料(固氮菌和氮螺旋菌)接种量使水稻株高、单位面积穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量、生物产量和籽粒蛋白质含量显著降低,但杂草干扰显著降低了除株高外的其他性状。在大多数性状上,施用150 kg N hm - 1与施用200 kg N hm - 1在统计学上是相当的。此外,我们的研究结果表明,人工锄地可以防止杂草成为小麦作物生产力的限制因素。中等施氮量(150 kg N hm - 1左右)有利于改善接种小麦的生长发育和总产量。因此,建议在不影响粮食品质的前提下,采用有机肥与无机肥配合施用,以达到最高产量,节约环境。