Mapping of Solar Energy Potential in the West Bank, Palestine Using Geographic Information Systems

Abstract

Abstract Palestine currently suffers a serious shortage in crucial energy supplies. Nearly 90% of electricity needs come directly from Israel, or through Palestinian electricity distribution companies. This situation puts the Palestinian population under continuous pressure, mainly due to the current unstable political situation in the region. The Palestinians have started to explore local alternatives to reduce the impact of Israeli control of this vital sector. Palestine receives about 3,000 hours of sunshine every year, making up an average of 8.2 hours daily, which makes it suitable for investing in solar energy. In this research land-use/land-cover data and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) are used in a GIS environment while employing land-use/land-cover criteria and topography to produce a site suitability map for harnessing solar energy. The results of the study show that the eastern and southern parts of the West Bank are the most suitable areas for this purpose. The study also finds that the suitable areas for solar energy investment remain under full control of the Israeli Authorities. These areas are categorized as “Area C” according to the Oslo Interim Agreement signed by Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). This means that the Palestinians need to obtain permission from Israel to work in these areas. Putting an end to the Palestinian- Israeli conflict according to the United Nations resolutions may remove the imposed restrictions to invest efficiently in the solar energy sector.