Role of adiposity in food intake control of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Karl D. Shearer , Jeffrey T. Silverstein , Erika M. Plisetskaya
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引用次数: 80

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to determine if adiposity affected feed intake in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with different nutritional histories. Fry were fed high-fat (23%) or low-fat (3%) diets at high (satiation) and low (one-half satiation) ration levels for 7 months before the start of the intake experiment. This pre-treatment produced fish averaging 22 g with 11.3% (high-fat diet) and 5.4% (low-fat diet) body fat when fed to satiation or 11 g with 7.0% (high-fat diet) and 3.3% (low-fat diet) body fat when fed at one-half satiation. Experiment 1 had a 2 × 2 factorial design where duplicate groups of 20 fish from the high-ration groups (22 g) were fed high- (16%) or low- (4%) fat diets twice daily to satiation 6 days/wk for 3 weeks. Daily feed intake was recorded. The same protocol was used in experiment 2 on fish (40 fish per tank) from the smaller low-ration groups (11 g). Feed intakes on day 1, cumulative feed intakes after 21 days and plasma levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were compared using two-way ANOVA with initial whole body fat and dietary fat as the independent variables. In both experiments, high body fat led to significantly lower feed intake on day 1 and after 21 days of feeding. High dietary fat levels caused greater intake on day 1, but by the end of the experiments, this effect was not significant, suggesting some adaptation to the diets. Insulin in plasma showed greater response to dietary fat (high-fat diets causing higher insulin levels), whereas IGF-1 responded more to body fat level (high body fat led to higher IGF-1 levels). Our results show that in both-fast- and slow-growing juvenile chinook salmon, adiposity plays a role in regulation of feed intake and that adiposity appears to interact with IGF-1. Dietary fat levels had transient effects on intake, but plasma insulin levels consistently reflected the dietary fat levels. An important implication of our findings is that food intake, and possibly growth, could be retarded if a feeding regime results in high body fat levels.

肥胖在幼年奇努克鲑鱼(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)食物摄入控制中的作用
进行实验以确定肥胖是否影响具有不同营养历史的幼年奇努克鲑鱼(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)的采食量。在摄入实验开始前,在高(饱腹)和低(半饱腹)日粮水平下,给油炸食品喂食高脂肪(23%)或低脂(3%)饮食7个月。这种预处理产生的鱼在饱腹时平均22克,体脂11.3%(高脂肪饮食)和5.4%(低脂肪饮食),或在饱腹一半时平均11克,体脂肪7.0%(高脂饮食)和3.3%(低脂饮食)。实验1采用2×2因子设计,其中来自高日粮组(22g)的20条鱼的重复组被喂食高(16%)或低(4%)脂肪日粮,每天两次,直到饱腹6天/周,持续3周。记录每日采食量。在实验2中对来自较小低日粮组(11g)的鱼(每箱40条鱼)使用相同的方案。以初始全身脂肪和膳食脂肪为自变量,使用双向方差分析比较第1天的采食量、21天后的累计采食量以及胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)的血浆水平。在两个实验中,高体脂导致第1天和喂食21天后的饲料摄入量显著降低。高膳食脂肪水平导致第1天的摄入量增加,但到实验结束时,这种影响并不显著,这表明对饮食有一定的适应。血浆中的胰岛素对膳食脂肪表现出更大的反应(高脂肪饮食导致更高的胰岛素水平),而IGF-1对体脂水平的反应更大(高体脂导致更高IGF-1水平)。我们的研究结果表明,在生长快和生长慢的幼年奇努克鲑鱼中,肥胖在饲料摄入的调节中起着作用,而且肥胖似乎与IGF-1相互作用。膳食脂肪水平对摄入量有短暂影响,但血浆胰岛素水平始终反映膳食脂肪水平。我们的研究结果的一个重要含义是,如果饮食制度导致高体脂水平,那么食物摄入和可能的生长可能会受到阻碍。
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