Spatial distribution and export of nutrients and metal elements in the subterranean estuary of Daya Bay

IF 1.4 3区地球科学 Q3 OCEANOGRAPHY

Acta Oceanologica Sinica Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI:10.1007/s13131-023-2212-8

Zhaoxi Liu, Mingchen Ge, Qianqian Wang, Xuejing Wang, Kai Xiao, Gang Li, Hailong Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Subterranean estuaries (STE) are important seawater-groundwater mixing zones with complex biogeochemical processes, which play a vital role in the migration and transformation of dissolved materials. In this study, we first investigated the spatial distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP), dissolved inorganic silicon (DSi) and metal elements (As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in STE including upper intertidal, seepage face and subtidal zones. We then estimated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and associated nutrient and metal element fluxes. From the generalized Darcy’s law method, SGD was estimated to be 30.13 cm/d, which was about 7 times larger than the inflow (4.16 cm/d). The nutrient and metal fluxes from SGD were estimated to be (5.33 ± 4.99) mmol/(m²·d) for DIN, (0.22 ± 0.03) mmol/(m²·d) for DIP, (16.20 ± 2.05) mmol/(m²·d) for DSi, (1 325.06 ± 99.10) μmol/(m²·d) for Fe, (143.41 ± 25.13) μmol/(m²·d) for Mn, (304.06 ± 81.07) μmol/(m²·d) for Zn, (140.21 ± 13.33) μmol/(m²·d) for Cu, (84.49 ± 2.94) μmol/(m²·d) for Pb, (37.38 ± 5.51) μmol/(m²·d) for Ba, (27.88 ± 3.89) μmol/(m²·d) for Cr, (10.10 ± 6.33) μmol/(m²·d) for Ni, and (6.25 ± 3.45) μmol/(m²·d) for As. The nutrient and metal fluxes from SGD were relatively higher than those from the inflow, suggesting that nearshore groundwater acted as the sources of nutrients and metal elements discharging into the sea. The environmental potential pollution of coastal seawater was evaluated by pollution factor index (P_i), comprehensive water quality index (CWQI), and ecological risk index (ERI). Pb mainly caused potential danger of nearshore environment with considerable contamination (P_i = 5.78 ± 0.19), heavy pollution (CWQI = 4.09) and high ecological risk (ERI = 18.00). This study contributed to better understanding the behavior of nutrients and metal elements and improving the sustainable management of STE under the pressure of anthropogenic activities and climate change.

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大亚湾地下河口营养物质和金属元素的空间分布与输出

地下河口是重要的海水-地下水混合带，具有复杂的生物地球化学过程，在溶解物质的迁移和转化中起着至关重要的作用。在本研究中，我们首先研究了STE中溶解无机氮（DIN）、溶解无机磷（DIP）、溶解有机硅（DSi）和金属元素（As、Ba、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn）的空间分布，包括潮间带上部、渗流面和潮下带。然后，我们估计了海底地下水排放量（SGD）以及相关的养分和金属元素通量。根据广义达西定律方法，SGD估计为30.13cm/d，约为流入量（4.16cm/d）的7倍。SGD的养分和金属通量估计为：DIN为（5.33±4.99）mmol/（m2.d），DIP为（0.22±0.03）mmol/Pb为（m2·d），Ba为（37.38±5.51）μmol/（m2.d），Cr为（27.88±3.89）μmol//（m2.dd），Ni为（10.10±6.33）μmol/（m2.d.），As为（6.25±3.45）μmol/。采用污染因子指数（Pi）、综合水质指数（CWQI）和生态风险指数（ERI）对沿海海水环境潜在污染进行了评价。Pb主要引起近岸环境的潜在危险，污染程度大（Pi=5.78±0.19），污染严重（CWQI=4.09），生态风险高（ERI=18.00）。

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来源期刊

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 地学-海洋学

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

7.10%

发文量

3884

审稿时长

9 months

期刊介绍： Founded in 1982, Acta Oceanologica Sinica is the official bi-monthly journal of the Chinese Society of Oceanography. It seeks to provide a forum for research papers in the field of oceanography from all over the world. In working to advance scholarly communication it has made the fast publication of high-quality research papers within this field its primary goal. The journal encourages submissions from all branches of oceanography, including marine physics, marine chemistry, marine geology, marine biology, marine hydrology, marine meteorology, ocean engineering, marine remote sensing and marine environment sciences. It publishes original research papers, review articles as well as research notes covering the whole spectrum of oceanography. Special issues emanating from related conferences and meetings are also considered. All papers are subject to peer review and are published online at SpringerLink.