Annual and Periodic Variations of Particulates and Selected Gaseous Pollutants in Astana, Kazakhstan: Source Identification via Conditional Bivariate Probability Function

IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Akmaral Agibayeva, Ferhat Karaca, Mert Guney, Torekhan Bex, Egemen Avcu
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Abstract

The degradation of air quality remains one of the most pressing environmental issues as exposure to air pollutants is extensively associated with various health problems including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aims to (1) reveal the annual and periodic variations of PM2.5, total suspended particles, and selected gaseous pollutants (SO2, CO, NO2, HF) in Astana, Kazakhstan by analyzing 2-year air pollution monitoring data (October 2018–September 2020) divided into two study cycles (October 2018–September 2019 and October 2019–September 2020, respectively); and to (2) identify potential air pollution sources in the region using conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF). Annual concentrations of PM2.5 and other gaseous pollutants were generally high, exceeding World Health Organization air quality guidelines and nationally adopted air quality standards, with heating periods (October–April) characterized, on average, by higher ambient concentrations than non-heating periods. Notably, the concentrations of observed pollutants were higher during the 2018–2019 study cycle than in 2019–2020. Obtained results are useful for subsequent estimation of the burden of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in the region. The CBPF analysis of PM2.5 data suggested a general contribution of the coal-fired power plants as well as residential heating activities to the air pollution in the city, while a joint contribution of vehicular emissions and power plant activity was identified as the pollution source of SO2. Control measures for PM2.5 and SO2 emissions specifically arising from the coal-fired power plants need to be urgently implemented.

哈萨克斯坦阿斯塔纳颗粒物和选定气体污染物的年变化和周期变化:基于条件二元概率函数的源识别
空气质量的恶化仍然是最紧迫的环境问题之一,因为暴露在空气污染物中与包括呼吸系统和心血管疾病在内的各种健康问题广泛相关。本研究旨在(1)通过分析分为两个研究周期(分别为2018年10月至2019年9月和2019年10月–2020年9月)的2年空气污染监测数据,揭示哈萨克斯坦阿斯塔纳PM2.5、总悬浮颗粒物和选定气体污染物(SO2、CO、NO2、HF)的年变化和周期变化;以及(2)使用条件二元概率函数(CBPF)来识别该地区潜在的空气污染源。PM2.5和其他气体污染物的年浓度普遍较高,超过了世界卫生组织的空气质量指南和国家采用的空气质量标准,供暖期(10月至4月)的平均环境浓度高于非供暖期。值得注意的是,2018-2019年研究周期内观测到的污染物浓度高于2019-2020年。所获得的结果有助于随后估计该地区呼吸系统和心血管疾病的负担。CBPF对PM2.5数据的分析表明,燃煤发电厂和居民供暖活动对城市空气污染的总体贡献,而车辆排放和发电厂活动的共同贡献被确定为SO2的污染源。需要紧急实施燃煤发电厂PM2.5和SO2排放的控制措施。
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来源期刊
Aerosol Science and Engineering
Aerosol Science and Engineering Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
7.10%
发文量
42
期刊介绍: ASE is an international journal that publishes high-quality papers, communications, and discussion that advance aerosol science and engineering. Acceptable article forms include original research papers, review articles, letters, commentaries, news and views, research highlights, editorials, correspondence, and new-direction columns. ASE emphasizes the application of aerosol technology to both environmental and technical issues, and it provides a platform not only for basic research but also for industrial interests. We encourage scientists and researchers to submit papers that will advance our knowledge of aerosols and highlight new approaches for aerosol studies and new technologies for pollution control. ASE promotes cutting-edge studies of aerosol science and state-of-art instrumentation, but it is not limited to academic topics and instead aims to bridge the gap between basic science and industrial applications.  ASE accepts papers covering a broad range of aerosol-related topics, including aerosol physical and chemical properties, composition, formation, transport and deposition, numerical simulation of air pollution incidents, chemical processes in the atmosphere, aerosol control technologies and industrial applications. In addition, ASE welcomes papers involving new and advanced methods and technologies that focus on aerosol pollution, sampling and analysis, including the invention and development of instrumentation, nanoparticle formation, nano technology, indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring, air pollution control, and air pollution remediation and feasibility assessments.
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