A Global Review on Innovative, Sustainable, and Effective Materials Composing Growing Media for Forest Seedling Production

IF 9 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Current Forestry Reports Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI:10.1007/s40725-023-00204-2

Barbara Mariotti, Juan A. Oliet, Enrique Andivia, Marianthi Tsakaldimi, Pedro Villar-Salvador, Vladan Ivetić, Antonio Montagnoli, Ivona Kerkez Janković, Nebi Bilir, Henrik Bohlenius, Branislav Cvjetković, Kārlis Dūmiņš, Juha Heiskanen, Georgi Hinkov, Inger Sundheim Fløistad, Claudia Cocozza

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The demand for forest tree seedlings is increasing globally, and Sphagnum peat moss is widely used as a component of growing media for container plant production. However, peat extraction is environmentally unsustainable. The forest nursery sector needs to switch to more sustainable alternatives to peat. This review aims to identify potential substitutes for peat by reviewing the worldwide literature on alternative materials for growing media in forest nurseries.

Recent Findings

Most studies on alternative growing media focused on single plant species growing under local conditions, thereby limiting generalizations about the effectiveness of alternative materials for plant production. To our knowledge, no systematic reviews of scientific literature on the effectiveness of new, alternative-to-peat materials for enhancing plant growth and the associated growing media characteristics for the forest nursery sector are currently available.

Summary

Most of the analyzed case studies focused on angiosperms (73.1%), with the majority of studies coming from tropical seasonal forests/savannas (36.5%), followed by woodlands/shrublands (31.6%), and temperate forests (15.0%) biomes. Compost was the most studied material (19.5%), followed by bark, other organic materials, and manure (9.8, 9.7, and 8.0%, respectively). Green and municipal wastes were the principal sources of compost (> 60%), while agriculture and green wastes were the first sources of other materials (> 90%). Tested materials were dependent on the geographic region. Thus, manure was the most tested material in Africa and South America, tree bark in North America, and compost in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Alternative materials effectively provided optimal physicochemical characteristics of growing media and enhanced seedling nursery growth when compared with peat-based growing media in more than 60% of the case studies. This review helps to identify research gaps and, most importantly, provides the basis for the future application of alternative growing media materials in forest nursery management worldwide.

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创新、可持续和有效的森林苗木生产生长基质材料全球综述

综述目的全球对林木幼苗的需求正在增加，泥炭藓被广泛用作容器植物生产的生长介质的组成部分。然而，泥炭开采在环境上是不可持续的。森林苗圃部门需要转向更可持续的泥炭替代品。本综述旨在通过回顾世界各地关于森林苗圃生长介质替代材料的文献，确定泥炭的潜在替代品。最近的发现大多数关于替代生长介质的研究都集中在当地条件下生长的单一植物物种上，从而限制了对替代材料对植物生产有效性的概括。据我们所知，目前还没有关于泥炭材料的新替代品对提高植物生长的有效性以及森林苗圃部门相关生长介质特性的科学文献的系统综述。摘要大多数分析的案例研究集中在被子植物（73.1%）上，大多数研究来自热带季节性森林/稀树草原（36.5%），其次是林地/灌木林（31.6%）和温带森林（15.0%）生物群落。堆肥是研究最多的材料（19.5%），其次是树皮、其他有机材料和粪肥（分别为9.8%、9.7%和8.0%）。绿色和城市垃圾是堆肥的主要来源（>； 60%），而农业和绿色废物是其他材料的第一来源（>； 90%）。测试材料取决于地理区域。因此，粪肥在非洲和南美洲是测试最多的材料，在北美是树皮，在欧洲、亚洲和大洋洲是堆肥。在60%以上的案例研究中，与泥炭基生长培养基相比，替代材料有效地提供了生长培养基的最佳物理化学特性，并促进了幼苗的生长。这篇综述有助于确定研究空白，最重要的是，为替代生长介质材料在全球森林苗圃管理中的未来应用提供了基础。

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来源期刊

Current Forestry Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

CiteScore

15.90

自引率

2.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： Current Forestry Reports features in-depth review articles written by global experts on significant advancements in forestry. Its goal is to provide clear, insightful, and balanced contributions that highlight and summarize important topics for forestry researchers and managers. To achieve this, the journal appoints international authorities as Section Editors in various key subject areas like physiological processes, tree genetics, forest management, remote sensing, and wood structure and function. These Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that focus on new developments and recently published papers of great importance. Moreover, an international Editorial Board evaluates the yearly table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their specific country or region, and ensures that the topics are up-to-date and include emerging research.