An Observational Study of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinomas from a Tertiary Cancer Centre of Marathwada Region, Maharashtra, India

S. Ganorkar, Rakeshkumar Jaikumar Ajmera, H. R. Kokandakar, S. Nilkanth, H. Khadilkar
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Abstract

Introduction: Head and neck cancer constitutes about one third of all the cancers in India. Head and neck squamous carcinoma is an important cause of morbidity and mortality with variability in geographical location, age, gender, habits, socio-economic status. Aim: To identify changing trends in age, gender, sites involved and histopathological grades of malignant and analyse potentially malignant lesions in head and neck region in Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: This observational retrospective descriptive study was carried out in tertiary cancer hospital in Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India, over a period of two years which included 1008 cases. All the biopsy cases and biopsies obtained under ultrasound and also to computed tomography guidance showing invasive squamous carcinoma and potentially malignant lesions of head and neck region with their histological analysis were studied. Relevant clinical and demographic details were noted and statistical analysis was done and results were explained in tables and percentage. Results: Total 1008 cases were studied. The maximum number of cases were in the age group of 51-60 years. Males were more affected than females. The buccal mucosa (29.5%) was most common site affected and maxilla (0.8%) the least. Histologically invasive tumour were well differentiated (17.65%), moderately differentiated (79.93%) and poorly differentiated (2.42%). Rest lesions were distributed in following categories: carcinoma- in-situ, verrucous neoplasm, dysplasia, atypical squamous proliferation, leukoplakia, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. Age wise, site wise, gender wise distribution of cases and association between site of lesions and gender and grade of tumour were studied. Conclusion: The associated risk factors, lifestyle patterns, habits, addictions and geographic and demographic factors, socio-economic status and evolving Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) association and pathogenesis are still topic of debate where much progress is still to be made. It deserves closer study. Apart from invasive squamous malignancies, precursor lesions if investigated at an earliest along with increasing awareness among population in relation to healthy lifestyle changes, habits followed by thorough clinical examination and histopathology and HPV association, possibility of planning specific strategies of prevention, diagnosis and treatment help reduce morbidity and mortality.
来自印度马哈拉施特拉邦马拉特瓦达地区三级癌症中心的头颈部鳞状癌的观察研究
导言:头颈癌占印度所有癌症的三分之一。头颈部鳞状癌是发病率和死亡率的一个重要原因,在地理位置、年龄、性别、习惯、社会经济地位等方面存在差异。目的:确定年龄、性别、涉及部位和恶性组织病理学分级的变化趋势,并分析印度马哈拉施特拉邦马拉特瓦达地区头颈部的潜在恶性病变。材料和方法:本观察性回顾性描述性研究在印度马哈拉施特拉邦马拉特瓦达地区三级肿瘤医院进行,为期两年,包括1008例病例。我们研究了所有在超声和计算机断层扫描指导下显示头颈部浸润性鳞状癌和潜在恶性病变的活检病例和活检,并对其进行了组织学分析。记录相关的临床和人口学细节,进行统计分析,并以表格和百分比解释结果。结果:共研究1008例。病例数以51 ~ 60岁年龄组最多。男性比女性更容易受到影响。最常见的部位是颊粘膜(29.5%),最不常见的部位是上颌骨(0.8%)。组织学浸润性肿瘤中高分化(17.65%)、中分化(79.93%)和低分化(2.42%)。其余病变分布如下:原位癌、疣状瘤、发育不良、非典型鳞状增生、白斑、假上皮瘤增生。研究了年龄、部位、性别的病例分布以及病变部位、性别和肿瘤分级之间的关系。结论:相关的危险因素、生活方式、习惯、成瘾、地理和人口因素、社会经济地位和不断演变的人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的关联和发病机制仍然是争论的主题,仍有待取得很大进展。它值得进一步研究。除了侵袭性鳞状恶性肿瘤外,如果早期调查前体病变,同时提高人们对健康生活方式改变的认识,然后进行彻底的临床检查和组织病理学检查,以及HPV与预防,诊断和治疗的具体战略规划的可能性,有助于降低发病率和死亡率。
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