Free direct and free indirect speech in the novel 'De bello civili' by Svetislav Basara and their translation equivalents in English

Bastina Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.5937/bastina32-34180
Jelena Rajović, Marija Vešović
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Abstract

Most of the research studies on the translation equivalents of the direct and indirect speech were dealing with translations from English to Serbian language. In this paper, we investigate whether structural and/or stylistic movements occur when the free direct and free indirect speech (and their subtypes) are translated from Serbian language to English language. Novel De bello civili by Svetislav Basara is used as a research corpus. Almost all types of direct and indirect speech are present in the novel. Events in the novel take place very quickly, since the plot of the novel takes place in one day, reminding us how substantial the events of a single day can be. The events in the reality of fiction and events in the inner world of protagonists are mixed here, and hence the dominance of free direct speech. The research led to conclusion that forms in free indirect speech in English and Serbian language share most of the features (require context, use of past verb tenses, use of speech verbs and thoughts verbs that can be used in the main sentence etc), except for the sequence of tenses that is inherent in English and not in Serbian language. Since free direct speech does not include the shift of tenses, the examples of this type of reported speech are almost identical in both languages. Given that the narrator of the novel is at the same time the leading protagonist whose words are communicated, there is the omission of prenominal focalization, and there are cases when it is difficult to distinguish the free direct speech from free indirect speech. This implies the omission of author's speech and orthographic markers, which may impose a problem during translation. From the given examples, it can be seen that in some cases the translator was not guided by the Serbian language, in terms of following and communicating the reported speech. Although the free indirect speech is more flexible category in the Serbian language (Karavesović 2010), when translating into English there is often a problem of transferring all stylistic features. Following the rule of the sequence of tenses that is inherent in the English language, but not in Serbian, the translator diminishes the actuality achieved by the use of the free indirect speech in the original. Furthermore, sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish between the free direct and free indirect speech in the Serbian language; these two types of reported speech cannot be equalized in the English translation, and usually the indirect speech with subtypes is used as translation equivalent.
Svetislav Basara小说De bello civili中的自由直接引语和自由间接引语及其对应的英文翻译
关于直接引语和间接引语的翻译等价物的研究大多是针对英语到塞尔维亚语的翻译。在本文中,我们研究了当自由直接引语和自由间接引语(及其亚型)从塞尔维亚语翻译成英语时,是否会发生结构和/或文体上的变化。本文以巴萨拉的小说《平民》为研究语料库。小说中几乎出现了所有类型的直接引语和间接引语。小说中的事件发生得非常快,因为小说的情节发生在一天内,提醒我们一天的事件是多么的重要。小说现实中的事件和主人公内心世界中的事件在这里是混合的,因此是自由直接言论的主导。研究得出的结论是,英语和塞尔维亚语的自由间接引语形式具有大部分特征(需要上下文,使用过去动词时态,使用可以在主句中使用的言语动词和思想动词等),除了英语固有的时态序列而不是塞尔维亚语。由于自由直接引语不包括时态的转换,因此这种类型的间接引语在两种语言中几乎是相同的。由于小说的叙述者同时也是被传达话语的主角,因此省略了名前聚焦,并且存在难以区分自由直接引语和自由间接引语的情况。这意味着遗漏了作者的言语和正字法标记,这可能会在翻译过程中造成问题。从上述例子中可以看出,在某些情况下,翻译人员在跟随和传达转述引语时并不以塞尔维亚语为指导。虽然自由间接引语在塞尔维亚语中是较为灵活的范畴(karavesoviki, 2010),但在翻译成英语时,往往存在将所有文体特征转移的问题。遵循英语固有的时态顺序规则,而不是塞尔维亚语,译者减少了原文中使用自由间接引语所达到的现实性。此外,有时很难区分塞尔维亚语中的自由直接引语和自由间接引语;这两种类型的间接引语在英语翻译中是不能对等的,通常使用带子类型的间接引语作为翻译对等语。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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