Manifestation and Variability Level of Yield and Grain Quality Indicators in Winter Bread Wheat Depending on Natural and Anthropogenic Factors

Abstract

Since the yield and quality of wheat grain significantly depends on genetic potential of the variety in interaction with environmental conditions and cultivation technology, so it have been studied features of the manifestation and variability of yield and grain quality indicators of winter bread wheat depending on growing season conditions, genotype, sowing date and preceding crop in environment of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. The conditions of the growing season had a decisive influence on yield, 1000 kernel weight, and test weight. The preceding crop had more influence on yield, test weight, 1000 kernel weight, protein content; sowing date had more influence on yield. The significant influence of the genotype on the water absorption of flour, dough tenacity, alveogram configuration ratio, bread volume and evaluation score, protein content was established. There were determined the quality indicators with stable strong correlations under the influence of various natural and anthropogenic factors. The identified features of the manifestation and variation of grain quality indicators should be taken into account when growing winter bread wheat for baking, as well as in breeding process to increase the efficiency of selection of promising genotypes, reduce the number of tests and “capacity” of laboratories.