Immunopathological mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Q4 Medicine
S. B. Brito, Isaque Oliveira Braga, M. Moraes, C. Cunha, S. C. Leão, Iukary Takenami
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has become a global health emergency. Although many scientific advances have been achieved over the last few months, the knowledge about how the etiologic agent SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the host's immune system, regulating the pathogenesis and the outcome of the disease, is not yet fully understood. Objective: This is a narrative literature review to discuss the available evidence on modes of transmission and the main immunopathological mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and method: A search in the indexed journals was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, during the period from January to May 2020. The following descriptors were used in the research: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, transmission, immunity, immunopathogenesis, and pathogenesis. Results and discussion: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs through contact with airway secretions from a symptomatic patient. However, scientific evidence encourages transmission by asymptomatic and/or oligosymptomatic patients. Immunopathological studies suggest that the hypercytokinaemia promotes lung tissue damage and, subsequently, organ and system involvement, leading to decompensation, organ dysfunction and death. Regarding the humoral response, the high titers of B lymphocytes and antibodies, traditionally, correlated with the protection of the host, may be associated with the severity of the disease by SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: The host's immune response is determinant in the pathogenesis of Covid-19. However, further in vivo and/or in vitro studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and, thus, assist in the development of a vaccine and/or therapeutic target.
SARS-CoV-2感染的免疫病理机制
摘要简介:2019冠状病毒病(Covid-19)已成为全球突发卫生事件。尽管在过去几个月里取得了许多科学进展,但关于病原体SARS-CoV-2如何与宿主免疫系统相互作用、调节疾病发病机制和结果的知识尚未完全了解。目的:对SARS-CoV-2感染的传播方式和主要免疫病理机制的现有证据进行综述。材料和方法:在2020年1月至5月期间在PubMed/MEDLINE数据库中检索被索引的期刊。研究中使用了以下描述词:Covid-19、SARS-CoV-2、传播、免疫、免疫发病机制和发病机制。结果和讨论:SARS-CoV-2通过接触有症状患者的呼吸道分泌物传播。然而,科学证据鼓励无症状和/或无症状患者传播。免疫病理学研究表明,高细胞动力学血症促进肺组织损伤,进而累及器官和系统,导致代偿失代偿、器官功能障碍和死亡。在体液反应方面,传统上与宿主保护相关的B淋巴细胞和抗体的高滴度可能与SARS-CoV-2疾病的严重程度有关。结论:宿主的免疫反应在新冠病毒的发病机制中起决定性作用。然而,需要进一步的体内和/或体外研究来阐明SARS-CoV-2的致病机制,从而帮助开发疫苗和/或治疗靶点。
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来源期刊
Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial
Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial Health Professions-Medical Laboratory Technology
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: The Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial (Brazilian Journal of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine), a continuation of Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia (Brazilian Journal of Pathology), and published quarterly (March, June, September and December) is directed towards the publication of scientific articles that contribute to the development of the area of Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology, Pathology, Cytopathology). It accepts the following categories of articles: original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, updating articles, letters to editors and reviews.
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