Kevin C. Hannah, L. Leston, Elly C. Knight, R. Weeber
{"title":"In the twilight zone: patterns in Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) acoustic signals during the breeding season and recommendations for surveys","authors":"Kevin C. Hannah, L. Leston, Elly C. Knight, R. Weeber","doi":"10.5751/ace-02241-170218","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":". Surveys optimized to coincide with peak detectability of target species are critical to the success of monitoring programs, especially those targeting species of conservation concern. Established species-specific survey protocols are often inconsistent between jurisdictions, with limited spatial and temporal data to inform survey timing. The recent proliferation of programmable autonomous recording units (ARUs) and automated detection software enables the processing of huge volumes of acoustic data, which can improve our understanding of the acoustic phenology of many bird species. In May–July 2014, we deployed ARUs across a gradient of latitude near the northern limit of the breeding range of the Common Nighthawk ( Chordeiles minor ), a species of conservation concern, to quantify variation in temporal detection patterns. Most activity occurred after sunset and before sunrise, with a pronounced peak during civil twilight. We found considerable latitudinal differences in the activity patterns of birds, related to variation in the occurrence or duration of twilight periods. At northern sites (> 60° N), birds were active from dusk until dawn, likely because civil twilight lasted the entire period. At southern sites (< 55° N), twilight periods were short, resulting in concentrated, bimodal activity. Activity peaked in the middle of the breeding season, which occurred earlier in the south than the north. Our results suggest surveys should occur in June in southern Canada (> 50° N) and between mid-June and mid-July further north, given high activity rates throughout the breeding season. Given that non-vocal booms are more strongly associated with breeding activity and nesting sites, future surveys should focus on targeting this acoustic signal. Considering the timing of activity patterns in this species, we recommend a targeted, species-specific survey to ensure documentation of their abundance and distribution. Finally, we provide recommendations to improve survey timing and provide advice for acoustic data management and processing in relation to this species. pic prononcé pendant le crépuscule civil. Nous avons trouvé des différences latitudinales considérables dans la tendance de l’activité des oiseaux, liées à la variation de l’occurrence ou de la durée des périodes crépusculaires. Sur les sites septentrionaux (> 60° N.), les oiseaux étaient actifs du crépuscule à l’aube, probablement parce que le crépuscule civil durait toute la période. Sur les sites méridionaux (< 55° N.), les périodes crépusculaires étaient courtes, ce qui a entraîné une activité concentrée et bimodale. L’activité a atteint un pic au milieu de la saison de nidification, qui a eu lieu plus tôt dans le sud que dans le nord. Nos résultats indiquent que les relevés devraient s’effectuer en juin dans le sud du Canada (> 50° N.) et entre la mi-juin et la mi-juillet plus au nord, étant donné le taux d’activité élevé tout au long de la saison de nidification. Comme les booms non vocaux sont plus fortement associés à l’activité de nidification et aux sites de nidification, les futurs relevés devraient cibler ces sons de contact. Compte tenu de la chronologie de la tendance des activités chez cette espèce, nous recommandons d’effectuer un relevé ciblé et spécifique à l’espèce pour s’assurer de documenter son abondance et sa distribution. Enfin, nous fournissons des recommandations pour que les relevés soient effectués au moment adéquat et des conseils pour la gestion et le traitement des données acoustiques relatives à cette espèce.","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02241-170218","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
. Surveys optimized to coincide with peak detectability of target species are critical to the success of monitoring programs, especially those targeting species of conservation concern. Established species-specific survey protocols are often inconsistent between jurisdictions, with limited spatial and temporal data to inform survey timing. The recent proliferation of programmable autonomous recording units (ARUs) and automated detection software enables the processing of huge volumes of acoustic data, which can improve our understanding of the acoustic phenology of many bird species. In May–July 2014, we deployed ARUs across a gradient of latitude near the northern limit of the breeding range of the Common Nighthawk ( Chordeiles minor ), a species of conservation concern, to quantify variation in temporal detection patterns. Most activity occurred after sunset and before sunrise, with a pronounced peak during civil twilight. We found considerable latitudinal differences in the activity patterns of birds, related to variation in the occurrence or duration of twilight periods. At northern sites (> 60° N), birds were active from dusk until dawn, likely because civil twilight lasted the entire period. At southern sites (< 55° N), twilight periods were short, resulting in concentrated, bimodal activity. Activity peaked in the middle of the breeding season, which occurred earlier in the south than the north. Our results suggest surveys should occur in June in southern Canada (> 50° N) and between mid-June and mid-July further north, given high activity rates throughout the breeding season. Given that non-vocal booms are more strongly associated with breeding activity and nesting sites, future surveys should focus on targeting this acoustic signal. Considering the timing of activity patterns in this species, we recommend a targeted, species-specific survey to ensure documentation of their abundance and distribution. Finally, we provide recommendations to improve survey timing and provide advice for acoustic data management and processing in relation to this species. pic prononcé pendant le crépuscule civil. Nous avons trouvé des différences latitudinales considérables dans la tendance de l’activité des oiseaux, liées à la variation de l’occurrence ou de la durée des périodes crépusculaires. Sur les sites septentrionaux (> 60° N.), les oiseaux étaient actifs du crépuscule à l’aube, probablement parce que le crépuscule civil durait toute la période. Sur les sites méridionaux (< 55° N.), les périodes crépusculaires étaient courtes, ce qui a entraîné une activité concentrée et bimodale. L’activité a atteint un pic au milieu de la saison de nidification, qui a eu lieu plus tôt dans le sud que dans le nord. Nos résultats indiquent que les relevés devraient s’effectuer en juin dans le sud du Canada (> 50° N.) et entre la mi-juin et la mi-juillet plus au nord, étant donné le taux d’activité élevé tout au long de la saison de nidification. Comme les booms non vocaux sont plus fortement associés à l’activité de nidification et aux sites de nidification, les futurs relevés devraient cibler ces sons de contact. Compte tenu de la chronologie de la tendance des activités chez cette espèce, nous recommandons d’effectuer un relevé ciblé et spécifique à l’espèce pour s’assurer de documenter son abondance et sa distribution. Enfin, nous fournissons des recommandations pour que les relevés soient effectués au moment adéquat et des conseils pour la gestion et le traitement des données acoustiques relatives à cette espèce.
期刊介绍:
Avian Conservation and Ecology is an open-access, fully electronic scientific journal, sponsored by the Society of Canadian Ornithologists and Birds Canada. We publish papers that are scientifically rigorous and relevant to the bird conservation community in a cost-effective electronic approach that makes them freely available to scientists and the public in real-time. ACE is a fully indexed ISSN journal that welcomes contributions from scientists all over the world.
While the name of the journal implies a publication niche of conservation AND ecology, we think the theme of conservation THROUGH ecology provides a better sense of our purpose. As such, we are particularly interested in contributions that use a scientifically sound and rigorous approach to the achievement of avian conservation as revealed through insights into ecological principles and processes. Papers are expected to fall along a continuum of pure conservation and management at one end to more pure ecology at the other but our emphasis will be on those contributions with direct relevance to conservation objectives.