David M. Baasch, Amanda M. Hegg, J. F. Dwyer, Andrew J. Caven, William E. Taddicken, C. Worley, Amanda H. Medaries, Cody G. Wagner, Phoebe G. Dunbar, Nicole D. Mittman
{"title":"Mitigating avian collisions with power lines through illumination with ultraviolet light","authors":"David M. Baasch, Amanda M. Hegg, J. F. Dwyer, Andrew J. Caven, William E. Taddicken, C. Worley, Amanda H. Medaries, Cody G. Wagner, Phoebe G. Dunbar, Nicole D. Mittman","doi":"10.5751/ace-02217-170209","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":". Collisions with anthropogenic structures by long-distance migrants and threatened and endangered species are a growing global conservation concern. Increasing the visibility of these structures may reduce collisions but may only be accepted by local residents if it does not create a visual disturbance. Recent research has shown the potential for ultraviolet (UV) light, which is nearly imperceptible to humans, to mitigate avian collisions with anthropogenic structures. We tested the effectiveness of two UV (390–400 nm) Avian Collision Avoidance Systems (ACASs) at reducing collisions at two 260-m spans of marked power lines at the Iain Nicolson Audubon Center at Rowe Sanctuary, an important migratory bird stopover location in Nebraska. We used a randomized design and a tiered model selection approach employing generalized linear models and the Akaike Information Criterion to assess the effectiveness of ACASs considering environmental (e.g., precipitation) and detection probability (e.g., migration chronology) variables. We found focal (assessed power line) and distal (neighboring power line) ACAS status and environmental variables were important predictors of avian collisions. Our top model suggests that the focal ACAS illumination reduced collisions by 88%, collisions were more likely at moderate (10–16 km/h) compared to lower or higher wind speeds, and collision frequency decreased with precipitation occurrence. Our top model also indicates that the distal ACAS illumination reduced collisions by 39.4% at the focal power line when that ACAS was off, suggesting a positive “neighbor effect” of power line illumination. Although future applications of ACASs would benefit from additional study to check for potential negative effects (for example, collisions involving nocturnal foragers such as bats or caprimulgiform birds drawn to insects), we suggest that illuminating power lines, guy wires, towers, wind turbines, and other anthropogenic structures with UV illumination will likely lower collision risks for birds while increasing human acceptance of mitigation measures in urban areas. approche de sélection de modèle à plusieurs niveaux employant des modèles linéaires généralisés et le critère d'information Akaike pour évaluer l’efficacité des ACAS en tenant compte des variables environnementales (par ex. précipitations) et de probabilité de détection (par ex. chronologie des migrations). Nous avons constaté que les variables de statut ACAS et d’environnement focales (ligne électrique évaluée) et distales (ligne électrique voisine) permettaient de prédire assez précisément les collisions aviaires. Notre principal modèle suggère que l’illumination ACAS focale réduit les collisions de 88 %, que les collisions se font plus probablement à une vitesse de vent modérée (10 à 16 km/h) plutôt qu’à des vitesses de vent plus faibles ou plus fortes, et que la fréquence des collisions diminue en cas de précipitations. Notre principal modèle indique que l’illumination ACAS distale réduisait les collisions de 39,4 % sur la ligne d’électricité focale lorsque l’ACAS était éteint, ce qui suggère un « effet de voisinage » positif de l’illumination des lignes électriques. Les applications futures de systèmes ACAS bénéficieraient d’études plus poussées pour vérifier les effets négatifs potentiels (par exemple, collisions impliquant des prédateurs nocturnes comme les chauves-souris ou les oiseaux caprimulgiformes attirés par les insectes). Nous pensons cependant que l’illumination aux ultraviolets des lignes électriques, des haubans, des tours, des turbines éoliennes et autres structures anthropiques serait susceptibles d’atténuer les risques de collision pour les oiseaux tout en améliorant l’acceptation humaine des mesures d’atténuation en zone urbaine.","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02217-170209","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
. Collisions with anthropogenic structures by long-distance migrants and threatened and endangered species are a growing global conservation concern. Increasing the visibility of these structures may reduce collisions but may only be accepted by local residents if it does not create a visual disturbance. Recent research has shown the potential for ultraviolet (UV) light, which is nearly imperceptible to humans, to mitigate avian collisions with anthropogenic structures. We tested the effectiveness of two UV (390–400 nm) Avian Collision Avoidance Systems (ACASs) at reducing collisions at two 260-m spans of marked power lines at the Iain Nicolson Audubon Center at Rowe Sanctuary, an important migratory bird stopover location in Nebraska. We used a randomized design and a tiered model selection approach employing generalized linear models and the Akaike Information Criterion to assess the effectiveness of ACASs considering environmental (e.g., precipitation) and detection probability (e.g., migration chronology) variables. We found focal (assessed power line) and distal (neighboring power line) ACAS status and environmental variables were important predictors of avian collisions. Our top model suggests that the focal ACAS illumination reduced collisions by 88%, collisions were more likely at moderate (10–16 km/h) compared to lower or higher wind speeds, and collision frequency decreased with precipitation occurrence. Our top model also indicates that the distal ACAS illumination reduced collisions by 39.4% at the focal power line when that ACAS was off, suggesting a positive “neighbor effect” of power line illumination. Although future applications of ACASs would benefit from additional study to check for potential negative effects (for example, collisions involving nocturnal foragers such as bats or caprimulgiform birds drawn to insects), we suggest that illuminating power lines, guy wires, towers, wind turbines, and other anthropogenic structures with UV illumination will likely lower collision risks for birds while increasing human acceptance of mitigation measures in urban areas. approche de sélection de modèle à plusieurs niveaux employant des modèles linéaires généralisés et le critère d'information Akaike pour évaluer l’efficacité des ACAS en tenant compte des variables environnementales (par ex. précipitations) et de probabilité de détection (par ex. chronologie des migrations). Nous avons constaté que les variables de statut ACAS et d’environnement focales (ligne électrique évaluée) et distales (ligne électrique voisine) permettaient de prédire assez précisément les collisions aviaires. Notre principal modèle suggère que l’illumination ACAS focale réduit les collisions de 88 %, que les collisions se font plus probablement à une vitesse de vent modérée (10 à 16 km/h) plutôt qu’à des vitesses de vent plus faibles ou plus fortes, et que la fréquence des collisions diminue en cas de précipitations. Notre principal modèle indique que l’illumination ACAS distale réduisait les collisions de 39,4 % sur la ligne d’électricité focale lorsque l’ACAS était éteint, ce qui suggère un « effet de voisinage » positif de l’illumination des lignes électriques. Les applications futures de systèmes ACAS bénéficieraient d’études plus poussées pour vérifier les effets négatifs potentiels (par exemple, collisions impliquant des prédateurs nocturnes comme les chauves-souris ou les oiseaux caprimulgiformes attirés par les insectes). Nous pensons cependant que l’illumination aux ultraviolets des lignes électriques, des haubans, des tours, des turbines éoliennes et autres structures anthropiques serait susceptibles d’atténuer les risques de collision pour les oiseaux tout en améliorant l’acceptation humaine des mesures d’atténuation en zone urbaine.
期刊介绍:
Avian Conservation and Ecology is an open-access, fully electronic scientific journal, sponsored by the Society of Canadian Ornithologists and Birds Canada. We publish papers that are scientifically rigorous and relevant to the bird conservation community in a cost-effective electronic approach that makes them freely available to scientists and the public in real-time. ACE is a fully indexed ISSN journal that welcomes contributions from scientists all over the world.
While the name of the journal implies a publication niche of conservation AND ecology, we think the theme of conservation THROUGH ecology provides a better sense of our purpose. As such, we are particularly interested in contributions that use a scientifically sound and rigorous approach to the achievement of avian conservation as revealed through insights into ecological principles and processes. Papers are expected to fall along a continuum of pure conservation and management at one end to more pure ecology at the other but our emphasis will be on those contributions with direct relevance to conservation objectives.