Science Mapping and Science Maps

IF 0.6 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE
E. Petrovich
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Science maps are visual representations of the structure and dynamics of scholarly knowl­edge. They aim to show how fields, disciplines, journals, scientists, publications, and scientific terms relate to each other. Science mapping is the body of methods and techniques that have been developed for generating science maps. This entry is an introduction to science maps and science mapping. It focuses on the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological issues of science mapping, rather than on the mathematical formulation of science mapping techniques. After a brief history of science mapping, we describe the general procedure for building a science map, presenting the data sources and the methods to select, clean, and pre-process the data. Next, we examine in detail how the most common types of science maps, namely the citation-based and the term-based, are generated. Both are based on networks: the former on the network of publications connected by citations, the latter on the network of terms co-occurring in publications. We review the rationale behind these mapping approaches, as well as the techniques and methods to build the maps (from the extraction of the network to the visualization and enrichment of the map). We also present less-common types of science maps, including co-authorship networks, interlocking editorship networks, maps based on patents’ data, and geographic maps of science. Moreover, we consider how time can be represented in science maps to investigate the dynamics of science. We also discuss some epistemological and sociological topics that can help in the interpretation, contextualization, and assessment of science maps. Then, we present some possible applications of science maps in science policy. In the conclusion, we point out why science mapping may be interesting for all the branches of meta-science, from knowl­edge organization to epistemology.
科学制图和科学地图
科学地图是学术知识边缘结构和动态的可视化表示。它们旨在展示领域、学科、期刊、科学家、出版物和科学术语如何相互关联。科学制图是为生成科学地图而开发的方法和技术的集合。本条目是对科学地图和科学制图的介绍。它侧重于科学制图的概念、理论和方法问题,而不是科学制图技术的数学公式。在简要介绍了科学地图的历史之后,我们描述了建立科学地图的一般程序,介绍了数据源以及选择、清理和预处理数据的方法。接下来,我们详细研究了最常见的科学地图类型,即基于引文和基于术语的科学地图是如何生成的。两者都以网络为基础:前者以引文连接的出版物网络为基础,后者以出版物中共同出现的术语网络为基础。我们回顾了这些制图方法背后的基本原理,以及构建地图的技术和方法(从网络的提取到地图的可视化和丰富)。我们还展示了不太常见的科学地图类型,包括合作作者网络、联锁编辑网络、基于专利数据的地图和科学地理地图。此外,我们考虑如何在科学地图中表示时间,以研究科学的动力学。我们还讨论了一些认识论和社会学的话题,这些话题有助于科学地图的解释、语境化和评估。然后,我们提出了科学地图在科学政策中的一些可能的应用。在结论中,我们指出了为什么科学映射对元科学的所有分支都很有趣,从知识边缘组织到认识论。
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来源期刊
Knowledge Organization
Knowledge Organization INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE-
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
28.60%
发文量
7
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