Factores predictores de resultado en tratamiento de tabaquismo en población de adultos mayores de la Comunidad Valenciana

Abstract

Tobacco consumption is one of the most important risk factors for disease and death in Spain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of 239 smoking patients over 50 years of age in a hospital smoking cessation unit, as well as to analyse the main predictors that may influence their cessation attempts at 12 months. It is a cross-sectional analytical study with multicomponent treatment combining psychological therapy and pharmacological intervention. A multivariate and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to compare patients’ cessation success and to identify possible predictors. Of all patients, 49.7% established D-day and the final quit rate was 41.4%. Significant predictors of quit attempts were: pack-year index between 30 and 60, cooximetry value ≤ 10ppm, with one or more times of previous attempts, maximum cessation time greater than three months and high grade on the Richmond test. The Minnesota scale with a value of less than 5 points was the only predictor of timely abstinence at 12 months. Patients who used less tobacco and reported previous attempts and high motivation were more likely to make a successful decision to quit smoking. In addition, controlling the withdrawal syndrome was the most important aspect to treat and reduce the relapse rate.