Molecular Dynamics and Monte–Carlo Simulations for Replacement Sugars in Insulin Resistance, Obesity, LDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Glycobiological Study

Abstract

Ketonic monosaccharide and disaccharide sucrose have long been added to Fructose, Glucose and Galactose to improve their biochemical, glycobiological and biological properties [1–11]. Ketonic monosaccharide and disaccharide have begun to replace larger sugars in insulin resistance, obesity, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease because they can impart different properties such as biochemical, glycobiological and biological properties, at the same time, provide property enhancements at lower loadings sugars form a variety of ordered structures on nanometer length scales, allowing them to severe as a ordered matrix for Fructose, Glucose and Galactose which add functionality to the sugars [11–21]. Discontinuous molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the phase behavior of Fructose, Glucose and Galactose [22– 25]. Considerable effort has been devoted to theoretical and computational simulation studies of sugars phase behavior [26–31]. This editorial describes the models used for phase diagrams of self– assembled mono–tethered nanospheres (TNS) from molecular simulation and comparison to larger sugars. An impressive variety of Fructose, Glucose and Galactose of different sugars and geometries has been synthesized. Also, in this editorial, we aim to predict the assembled structures formed from Fructose, Glucose and Galactose as well as to compare with larger sugars. Moreover, we have developed a model for self–assembled mono–tethered nanospheres (TNS) and perform Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulations to investigate the tendency for these model self–assemble.