Local Anesthetic Use for Pain Relief Following Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review

Abstract

A bstrAct Aim: To assess the effectiveness of the addition of local anesthetic (LA) techniques in reducing pain and morphine consumption in the first 24 hours following laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) in adults. Background: Ventral hernias (VH) are a common condition; with risk factors (including obesity), the incidence of VH is projected to increase. Surgical VH repair is required for symptom relief and to prevent related complications. LVHR has significant advantages over open repair, with reduced infectious complications, shorter hospital stays, and more favorable outcomes in obese patients. However, in comparisonto open repair LVHR patients often experience severe pain post-LVHR. LA is an important part of multimodal analgesia regimes and their use in the context of post-operative LVHR pain management is growing in importance. Review results: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA using search terms related to LA, LVHR post-operative pain, and morphine consumption; studies were limited to adults ( > 18 years) and randomized control trials (RCT). Four RCT met the inclusion criteria. All studies compared bupivacaine with normal saline, one also used bupivacaine with epinephrine; varying LA interventions were used. One study showed a statistically significant, but small (0.08 mg) reduction in pain scores at 24 hours, which is likely to be clinically insignificant. Three studies showed an overall reduction in morphine consumption at 24 hours, with only one reaching statistical and clinical significance. Conclusion: Bupivicaine LA interventions post-LVHR did not reduce pain scores at 24 hours, but morphine consumption appeared to have been reduced. Clinical significance: Despite some evidence of reduction in morphine consumption in the first 24 hours post-LVHR, further investigation is required regarding post-operative LVHR pain management using LA, including agent and mode of delivery.