Cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle and diode laser combination in colorectal cancer in vitro via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

Abstract

The fourth deadliest reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide was found to be colorectal cancer (CaCo2). Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have been researched for biomedical applications due to their demonstrated anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. by way of the cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced when photosensitizers (PSs) are activated by light, which in turn cause cancer cell death, photodynamic treatment (PDT) causes selective cytotoxicity to malignant cells. The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations and wavelengths was studied on CaCo2, and the use of combination therapy to reduce the percentage of cell lines had clear effects on early apoptosis (p-value<0.05). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the cell was evaluated. The proper IC50 for CaCo2 was 20 ug/ml and the target of Diode laser power is 5 5 j/cm 2. In the G2 phase of the cell cycle, a lower percentage of cells relative to the S and G1 phases was significantly different when laser and ZnO2 were combined (p-value<0.05). Real-time Polyclonal chain reaction (PCR); significantly substantial variation in the use of a diode laser and ZnO2 to stop the spread of cancer by boosting the expression of the p53 gene (p-value<0000). Bax a central cell death regulator, was expressed significantly (p-value<0.05). Even so, utilizing the laser and ZnO2 together did not reveal any substantial differences in the Bcl2 gene (p-value>0.05). In conclusion, this study supported that combination therapy was cytotoxic to CaCo2 in vitro and there is a possibility of developing it as an effective therapeutic agent.