Classification of Spinal Deformities: Systematic Review (Without Meta-Analysis)

Abstract

ABS TRACT Understandably describe historical and current spinal deformity classifications. Spinal deformities can be divided into three main categories: congenital, idiopathic, and secondary spinal deformities. Secondary is by far the largest group. Congenital spinal deformities are generally seen in very early ages and may be accompanied by neural with systemic organ pathologies. Different classification systems are based on clinical and radiological symptoms since the etiology of adolescent spinal deformities is not known. On the other hand, different classification systems are based on clinical and radiological symptoms since the etiology of adolescent spinal deformities is not known. In addition to these two groups, degenerative spinal deformities in elder patients should be also considered. There is scoliosis, kyphosis, degenerative deformity, iatrogenic deformity and post traumatic deformity. Spondylolisthesis can be considered a deformity. King and Lenke are classifications for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and are designed to guide fusion levels for the treatment of AIS. The Lenke classification arose to address 2 issues. One was sagittal deformity and second was that with newer instrumentation techniques there were more treatment options. Schwab and Scoliosis Research Society classifications are classifications of adult spinal deformity. The key addition in these systems is the introduction of lumbar lordosis and pelvic parameters. This includes adult sequelae of AIS but also degenerative deformity.