Prevalence of Virological Markers HIV, HBV and HCV in Homozygous Sickle Cell Patients at Brazzaville University Hospital

Abstract

In order to evaluate the seroprevalence of major viral markers, a descriptive study was carried out in homozygous sickle cell transfusion patients at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. The profiles were determined in 51 patients, 32 of whom were male and 19 female, with an age range of 17 to 51 years, admitted to the clinical hematology department of the University Hospital and to the National Reference Center for Sickle Cell Disease. The tests were performed on pre- and post-transfusion blood samples. The following reagents were used: GeenscreenTMultraHIVAg-Ab, MonolisaAg-HBs plus, Monoli-saHCV Ag-Ab Ultrade Bio-Radot for the detection of HIV, HBV and HCV by fourth generation ELISA tests (serological tests). The results showed that the indications for blood transfusion were: acute crises of anemia due to malaria and in some cases of Vaso-Occlusive Crises (VOC) resistance to analgesic treatment. The prevalence rates of the markers before the new transfusion were respectively: HIV: 0%, HBV: 1.96%, HCV: 3.92%. After transfusion, the final seroprevalence rates of the markers are: HIV: 0%, HBV: 5.88%, HCV: 3.92%. The seroconversion rate for HBV was 3.92%. One case of HBV + HCV co-infection (1.96%). Conclusion: Transfusion safety is achieved through good transfusion practices and the qualification of blood donations. Homozygous sickle cell disease, characterized by frequent anemia attacks, requires a guar-antee of efficient transfusion practices in order to limit microbial risks.