[Birth control].

Abstract

The mechanism of conception and the various types of contraceptive methods and devices, their effectiveness, side effects, and contraindications are briefly described. The review includes coitus interruptus, the rhythm method, the basal temperature method, prophylactics (condom and diaphragm), vaginal spermicides, IUDs and oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives are described in greater detail. They are regarded as highly effective; their side effects include some positive ones, such as normalization of the menstrual cycle, and extensive data appear to rule out any correlation between their use and a greater incidence of cancer of the uterus and breast. There are, however, contraindications e.g., in cases of predisposition to thromboem bolism, liver diseases, heart diseases, diabetes and related conditions, kidney diseases, and genital conditions such as fibroma and cysts. However, all of these conditions can be diagnosed by tests and medical examination prior to prescribing oral contraceptives. It is concluded that oral contraceptives are highly effective and side effects are not much more serious than those of many other drugs currently in widespread use.