Effects of transhumance route on the richness and composition of bird communities in Tsimanampesotse National Park

Abstract

In southwestern Madagascar, livestock (cattle) is a major source of income for the human population and is of tremendous cultural importance. In this subarid region, the farming system faces an extreme climate and has to cope with little food and water resources for several months a year. Local farmers overcome these difficulties in the form of transhumance and roaming of cattle in the forest at Tsimanampesotse National Park. The former strategy uses routes directly through the park twice per year. To assess possible effects of the transhumance and associated human activities on birds, we compared the composition and abundance of birds at one control site and two sites along the trail of transhumance in the forest of Tsimanampesotse National Park from January to May 201 2. The results showed that the abundance of birds declined near the trail of transhumance. Ten species of birds were hunted during the transhumance to meet the daily needs of the herders. We interpret the lower density of birds along the trail of transhumance as a consequence of hunting, especially for large and terrestrial birds such as Coua spp. Cattle activities (trampling, grazing) do not seem to bird communities.