Toxoplasmose Cerebrale En Milieu Hospitalier A Cotonou (Benin)

Abstract

Introduction La toxoplasmose est une parasitose ubiquitaire et cosmopolite redoutee dans sa forme congenitale. Depuis quelques annees, dans sa forme cerebrale, elle est au premier plan de l\'actualite medicale avec l\'ampleur du SIDA dont elle est une affection opportuniste. Objectif Le but de ce travail est d\'etudier les caracteristiques generales de la toxoplasmose cerebrale en milieu hospitalier a Cotonou. Methode Il s\'agit d\'une etude prospective transversale a visee descriptive menee a la Clinique Universitaire de Neurologie du CNHU-HKM de Cotonou de Janvier 2001 a Avril 2003. Elle a porte sur dix patients dont les donnees ont ete traitees et analysees a l\'aide du logiciel EPI-INFO version 6.04d fr. Resultats La frequence de la toxoplasmose est de 2,8%. Les 10 sujets recrutes etaient âges de 39,7  14,39 ans et domines par les hommes (6 cas). La semeiologie clinique etait dominee par 4 signes : l\'hyperthermie, le deficit moteur, les crises convulsives et les cephalees. Le scanner cerebral realise dans 8 cas a montre des lesions evocatrices dans 6 cas. La serologie toxoplasmique etait positive a 100% ; neuf patients etaient VIH positifs avec une lymphopenie a 777,28 ± 301,18. Le cotrimoxazole et l\'association Sulfadiazine - Pyrimethamine ont ete utilises en premiere intention. La surveillance a ete seulement clinique et a objective une amelioration au bout de 16,5 jours en moyenne de traitement. Conclusion Ces resultats suggerent l\'existence de la toxoplasmose cerebrale a une frequence non negligeable en milieu hospitalier a Cotonou. Introduction The toxoplasmosis is an ubiquitary parasitose and cosmopolit who was retoutable and fearsome because of its congenital form. But, since many years, in its cerebral form, its is part of the affections of first rank of medical actuality with width of VIH SIDA whom its is an opportunist affection. Objective The main objective of this work is to study general caracteristics of the toxoplasmose cerebral in hospital environment in Cotonou (Benin). Method The transversal study cross-examined and conducted in clinical universitary of neurology of CNHU-HKM of cotonou with sighting descriptive, from January 2001 to April 2003. This stand on ten (10) patients whom data have been treated and analysed by aid of logiciel EPI-INFO version 6.04 d fr. Results The frequency of the toxoplasmose in hospital environment was 2,8%. The 10 subjects recruted were aged of 39,7 ± 14,39 years and dominated by men (6 cases). The clinical semeilogy is dominated by 4 signs: hyperthermy , motor deficit, convulsive crisis and pains. The scanner cerebral realized in 8 cases showned suggestive lesions in 6 cases.The serology was positive in 100% of cases ; nine patients were VIH + with lymphocytes at 777,28  301,18. Cotrimoxazol and sulfadiazim - Pyrimethamin have been utilized in first intention. The follow up was only clinical and has noted an improvement as from16,5 days in average. Conclusion Toxoplasmose cerebral must be take in count in hospital environment in Cotonou. Keywords : Africa, Benin, Cerebral Toxoplasmosis, Cotrimoxazol, AIDS, Afrique, Benin, Cotrimoxazole, Sida, Toxoplasmose cerebrale African Journal of Neurological Sciences Vol. 24 (2) 2005: pp. 48-54