A Multi-Dimensional Model of Dysfunctional Breathing and Integrative Breathing Therapy - Commentary on The functions of Breathing and Its Dysfunctions and Their Relationship to Breathing Therapy

Abstract

Dysfunctional breathing can be defined as breathing that does not fulfill its primary or secondary functions. It is not efficient, adaptive or appropriate for the changing needs of the individual. Dysfunctional breathing has 3 key dimensions biochemical, biomechanical and psychophysiological. This article discusses this multi-dimensional model of dysfunctional breathing, describes its evolution and application in a clinical setting. The article titled “functions of breathing and its dysfunctions and their relationship to breathing therapy” explores biomechanical, physiological and psychological aspects of breathing. It discusses the characteristics of neuromuscular, biochemical and psychophysiological dysfunctions of breathing, identifies common causes of these and describes the impact that dysfunctional breathing has on posture and motor control, hemodynamics, function of the lymphatic system, physiological regulation and the autonomic nervous system. It also briefly reviews some of the research on using breathing as therapy. In this commentary I will expand on the on the multi-dimensional model of dysfunctional breathing that underpins this article, describe the evolution of this model and discuss the practical application of this model in a clinical setting.