Toward achieving zero-emissions in European Union countries: The contributions of trade and overseas direct investments in consumption-based carbon emissions

IF 1.6 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
O. Osabuohien-Irabor, I. Drapkin
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

To achieve the ideal emissions reduction goals, several studies have suggested that carbon emissions should be examined in the framework of both territorial and consumption-based emissions. Nevertheless, the European Union (EU) SDGs targets aimed at mitigating carbon emissions based on the United Nation (UN) Kyoto Protocol structure, only appears to be concerned with the reduction of territorial-based emissions whilst emissions embodied on imported goods and services receive very little attention. To this end, this study examines the contributions of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and disaggregate trade flows toward consumption-based sustainability in twenty-one (21) EU countries for the period 1995–2019. The study utilizes the STIRPAT model (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) and battery of advanced econometric techniques such as the Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL), Common Correlated Effects (CCE) and the Cross-Sectional Distributed Lags (CS-DL) to examine the short-and long-run dynamics of OFDI and trade on consumption-based emissions. Finding reveals that EU exports and OFDI spillover reduces consumption-based emission, whilst import of goods and services promote emissions both in the short-run and long-run. This suggests that the progress report on carbon emissions reduction for most EU countries under the greenhouse gas accounting systems are merely carbon emissions outsourced to low-income countries whilst consumption-based emission continues to increase. These findings are robust to several econometric problems with set of policy implications provided for policymakers and governments to formulate more efficient strategies toward the mitigation of consumption-based carbon emissions among EU countries.
欧盟国家实现零排放:贸易和海外直接投资对基于消费的碳排放的贡献
为了实现理想的减排目标,一些研究建议,碳排放应在地域排放和消费排放的框架内进行审查。然而,欧盟(EU)的可持续发展目标(sdg)旨在根据联合国(UN)京都议定书的结构减少碳排放,似乎只关注减少基于领土的排放,而进口商品和服务的排放却很少受到关注。为此,本研究考察了1995-2019年期间21个欧盟国家的对外直接投资(OFDI)和贸易流动对基于消费的可持续性的贡献。该研究利用STIRPAT模型(人口、富裕和技术回归的随机影响)和一系列先进的计量经济学技术,如横断面自回归分布滞后(CS-ARDL)、共同相关效应(CCE)和横断面分布滞后(CS-DL),来研究对外直接投资和贸易对消费排放的短期和长期动态。研究发现,欧盟出口和对外直接投资外溢降低了基于消费的排放,而商品和服务进口在短期和长期都促进了排放。这表明,大多数欧盟国家在温室气体核算体系下的碳减排进展报告仅仅是外包给低收入国家的碳排放,而基于消费的排放继续增加。这些发现对若干计量经济学问题具有很强的说服力,为政策制定者和政府制定更有效的战略以减少欧盟国家之间基于消费的碳排放提供了一系列政策启示。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
AIMS Environmental Science
AIMS Environmental Science ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
31
审稿时长
5 weeks
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