Molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease (NDD)

IF 0.7 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
A. Chakraborty, Anil Diwan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Degenerative nerve diseases affect body's balance, movement, speech, breathing and heart function. Classification of neurodegenerative disorders can be done on the basis of their molecular cause, like abnormal protein aggregation, involved cell death or loss of function of involved cell. Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with aggregation of α-synuclein, while Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with tau, amyloid-β42 protein aggregation. TDP-43 aggregation was found in Amyloidosis. Besides, Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD); Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); Astrocyte plaque (AP); ALS and Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (APDC); Aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG); Ballooned neuron (BN); Cerebral age-related TDP-43 with sclerosis (CARTS); Corticobasal degeneration (CBD); Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE); Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB); Dystrophic neuritis (DN); Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN); Glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI); globular glial tauopathy (GGT); Guadeloupean Parkinsonism (GP); idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD); Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE); Lewy bodies (LB); Lewy body diseases (LBD); Lewy neuritis (LN); muscle cells (MC); multiple system atrophy (MSA); multisystem proteinopathy (MSP); Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI); neurofibrillary tangles (NFT); neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NII); neuropil threads (NPT); Nodding Syndrome (NS); oligodendroglial coiled bodies (OCB); oligodendroglial Pick's body-like inclusions (OPiBLI); pure autonomic failure (PAF); primary age-related tauopathy (PART); Pick's bodies (PiB); Pick's disease (PiD); Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS); Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA); progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP); pretangles (PT); tufted astrocyte (TA), are several neurodegenerative diseases name according to their involved protein factor(s).

The cause may be genetic, may also be sporadic. Alcoholism, pesticides, a tumor, or a stroke are sometimes noticed in the disease background. Sometimes the cause remains totally unknown. Neurodegeneration, till date, cannot be cured. Only some palliative treatments may relieve some of the symptoms but temporarily. Further, some types of NDD could also be fatal.

Our focus, in this review, is mainly on AD and PD since they vastly affect millions of people in the world, and occurs when nerve cells lose functional ability and/or die over time. AD and PD, the likelihood of developing the issues rise dramatically with age. Unfortunately, there is no cure at present for them except some palliative measure to give some comfort to the victims. Improvement of our understanding about the cause(s) of neurodegenerative diseases may help to design the new approaches for treatment and prevention of the ailments. In recent days, high-throughput technologies like RNA sequencing, network biology, and Omics data provide insights of all neurodegenerative disease.

Graphical abstract

Abstract Image

神经退行性疾病的分子机制
退行性神经疾病影响身体的平衡、运动、语言、呼吸和心脏功能。神经退行性疾病的分类可以根据其分子原因进行,如蛋白质异常聚集、受累细胞死亡或受累细胞功能丧失。帕金森病(PD)与α-突触核蛋白聚集有关,而阿尔茨海默病(AD)与tau、淀粉样蛋白-β42蛋白聚集有关。淀粉样变中发现TDP-43聚集。此外,嗜银性粮食病害(AGD);肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS);星形细胞斑块(AP);ALS和帕金森-痴呆复合体(APDC);衰老相关tau星形胶质病(ARTAG);气球神经元(BN);脑年龄相关性TDP-43伴硬化(cart);皮质基底变性(CBD);慢性创伤性脑病;路易体痴呆(DLB);营养不良性神经炎;面发感觉和运动神经病变(FOSMN);胶质细胞质内含物(GCI);球状神经胶质病变(GGT);瓜德罗普帕金森症;特发性REM睡眠行为障碍(iRBD);边缘显性年龄相关性TDP-43脑病(LATE);路易体;路易体病(LBD);路易神经炎(LN);肌细胞(MC);多系统萎缩;多系统蛋白病;神经元胞浆包涵体(NCI);神经原纤维缠结;神经元核内包裹体(NII);神经线程(NPT);点头综合征(NS);少突胶质卷曲体(OCB);少突胶质匹克氏体样内含物(OPiBLI);纯自主神经衰竭(PAF);原发性年龄相关性牛头病(PART);匹克身体(PiB);匹克病(PiD);原发性侧索硬化(PLS);进行性肌萎缩(PMA);进行性核上性麻痹;pretangles (PT);簇状星形胶质细胞(TA)是几种神经退行性疾病,根据其所涉及的蛋白因子而命名。病因可能是遗传的,也可能是散发性的。酒精中毒、杀虫剂、肿瘤或中风有时会出现在疾病背景中。有时原因仍然是完全未知的。到目前为止,神经退化是无法治愈的。只有一些姑息性治疗可以缓解一些症状,但只是暂时的。此外,某些类型的NDD也可能是致命的。在这篇综述中,我们的重点主要放在AD和PD上,因为它们极大地影响了世界上数百万人,并且当神经细胞失去功能和/或随着时间的推移死亡时就会发生。阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病,随着年龄的增长,出现这些问题的可能性急剧上升。不幸的是,目前还没有治愈它们的方法,只能采取一些缓和措施,给受害者一些安慰。提高我们对神经退行性疾病的病因的了解可能有助于设计治疗和预防这些疾病的新方法。最近,RNA测序、网络生物学和组学数据等高通量技术为所有神经退行性疾病提供了见解。图形抽象
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
AIMS Molecular Science
AIMS Molecular Science BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-
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