Metabolic homeostasis and level of productivity of first-heifers in the conditions of the industrial complex

Abstract

Collection of primary information and research was conducted on a herd of cows at the dairy production complex «Yekaterynoslavskyi» Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine. To study the productive qualities of Brown Swiss cows were selected 75 heifers of the same age, live weight and pregnancy period. For biochemical studies in healthy heifers (9 goals), and after their calving, blood was taken from the median caudal vein of the tail in vacuum tubes before the morning distribution of feed . Studies of the biochemical composition of the blood of cows were performed at 8 months of pregnancy, and the first heifers – at 2 months of lactation. After calving of heifers took into account the level of milk yield per day and lactation (kg), the mass fraction of fat and protein (%). Researches have shown that the concentration of albumin in the serum of experimental heifers was insignificant, as it averaged 22.6 g/l and was slightly lower than normal. The level of albumin in the serum of first heifers was inferior to the lower limit of normal by 13.5% and was, respectively, 26.33 g/l, while exceeding indicate of heifers by 14.2%. The globulin fraction of heifer exceeded the index after calving and during lactation by 16.7%. Despite the significant difference in the indicators of albumins and globulins, the protein coefficient in experimental first heifers was satisfactory and averaged 0.65 units. Indicate of serum nitrogen in urea during pregnancy and during the first lactation was practically at the lower limit of norm and averaged 7.30–7.34 mg%. Thus, metabolic homeostasis in the first pregnancy is naturally dynamic and corresponds to the level of physiological processes of the organism and the provision of vital nutrients of the general-mixed ration. The metabolic homeostasis of first heifers is in a tense state, which is determined by the first lactation function and adaptation to the harsh conditions of the industrial complex. This allows animals to realize their genetic potential of milk productivity for 376.4 days at the level of 9228.5 kg with a mass fraction of fat 4.15% and protein – 3.45%. Brown Swiss first heifers were characterized by satisfactory indicators of reproductive function. The reproductive ability was at the level of 0.87, and the insemination index did not exceed 2.83 units.