Компаративно-аттенуативная полисемия в финно-угорских языках

Q2 Arts and Humanities

Ural-Altaic Studies Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.37892/2500-2902-2022-46-3-75-95

Maria Cheremisinova

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Abstract

The topic of this paper is comparative and attenuative polysemy in Finno-Ugric languages. In some Finno-Ugric languages comparative markers have attenuative meaning (‘a little bit, slightly’) as well. This paper focuses on three markers exhibiting such a polysemy: -ges in Beserman (Permic), -šək in Kazym Khanty (Ugric) and -rak in Hill Mari (Mari). These markers can be used in comparative constructions, have attenuative function and can be attached to the markers of negation. The markers can be used crosscategorically, therefore I also describe compatibility of the markers in different functions. In comparative constructions, all of the markers can be attached to adjectives and adverbs, while in Beserman it is also possible for the marker -ges to be combined with verbs, nouns and pronouns. However, in Kazym Khanty the marker -šək has attenuative meaning even in comparative constructions. In attenuative function, the markers in all three languages can attach to adjectives, adverbs, postpositions (or relational nouns), while in Beserman and Hill Mari verbs can be modified by the markers as well. Finally, comparative-attenuative markers in all of the languages can be attached to the markers of negation. In this function, the most common context allowing the use of the marker is the context meaning ‘not yet’: it appears in all of the described languages. In Kazym Khanty the marker -šək can also express the meaning of emphatic negation (‘no way’) when making a reference to future or present.

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芬兰-乌戈尔语的比较属性多项式

本文的主题是芬兰-乌戈尔语中的比较和衰减多义词。在一些芬兰-乌戈尔语中，比较标记也有贬义(“一点点，稍微”)。本文着重分析了贝塞曼语(二叠语系)中的-ges、Kazym Khanty语(乌格里克语)中的- ska和Hill Mari语(马里语)中的-rak这三个标记。这些标记可以用于比较结构，具有减弱功能，可以附加在否定标记上。标记可以跨类别使用，因此我还描述了标记在不同功能中的兼容性。在比较结构中，所有的标记都可以与形容词和副词连用，而在贝瑟曼语中，标记-ges也可以与动词、名词和代词连用。然而，在Kazym Khanty语中，即使在比较结构中，标记- _ æ k也有贬义。在三种语言中，标记语都可以修饰形容词、副词、后置词(或关系名词)，而在贝瑟曼语和希尔马里语中，动词也可以被标记语修饰。最后，所有语言的比较弱化标记都可以附加在否定标记上。在这个函数中，允许使用标记的最常见上下文是表示“尚未”的上下文:它出现在所有描述的语言中。在Kazym Khanty中，当提到将来或现在时，标记-š k也可以表达强调否定的意思(“no way”)。

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来源期刊

Ural-Altaic Studies Arts and Humanities-Language and Linguistics

CiteScore

0.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Our journal is aimed primarily for linguists, specialists in the languages of Uralic and Altaic groups. But we hope to also attract those authors, specialists in history, ethnography and theory of literature (and other areas), who are interested in information exchange with linguists.