Historical change in the traditional use of forests and its association with belief in tiger spirits in the Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia: The impact of war and wildlife trade on the relationship between humans and tigers

IF 1 Q4 ECOLOGY
Tropics Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI:10.3759/TROPICS.24.119
Hiroyuki Ishibashi, M. Inoue, Motomu Tanaka
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

This article explores changes in the traditional use of forests and their relationship with belief in tiger spirits in the Cardamom Mountains in southwest Cambodia. Locals inhabiting the mountains believe that spirits associated with tigers bite those who violate taboos on forest use. However, the tiger population has declined due to the wildlife trade, which experienced rapid growth during the civil war of the 1990s. The article examines the impact of the war and wildlife trade on the traditional use of the forest by analyzing the relationships among traditional beliefs, changes in the tiger population caused by the growth of the wildlife trade, and war-related changes in the social order. Before the war, beliefs associating tigers with forest use could be observed on several societal levels. The belief that tigers punish violators was practiced on village and inter-village levels, while another form of belief was also practiced on family and individual levels. However, the tiger's disappearance from the region because of the wildlife trade made such beliefs ineffective. A new belief arose that violators were punished by crop damage caused by wild pigs and other animals. Nevertheless, those who practiced the belief at the individual and family levels still believed in the association between the tiger and spirits and their role in forest use. Therefore, the impact of the aforementioned factors on tiger beliefs differed according to societal level; the extinction of living tigers does not necessarily result in the disappearance of belief at all levels of society.
柬埔寨豆蔻山传统森林利用的历史变迁及其与虎灵信仰的关联:战争和野生动物贸易对人与老虎关系的影响
本文探讨了柬埔寨西南部豆蔻山脉传统森林利用的变化及其与虎灵信仰的关系。居住在山区的当地人认为,与老虎有关的精灵会咬那些违反森林使用禁忌的人。然而,由于野生动物贸易,老虎的数量已经下降,在20世纪90年代的内战期间,野生动物贸易经历了快速增长。本文通过分析传统信仰、野生动物贸易增长导致的老虎种群变化和战争相关的社会秩序变化之间的关系,考察了战争和野生动物贸易对传统森林利用的影响。在战争之前,可以在几个社会层面上观察到将老虎与森林利用联系起来的观点。老虎惩罚违规者的信念在村庄和村庄之间的层面上实行,而另一种信仰也在家庭和个人层面上实行。然而,由于野生动物贸易,老虎从该地区消失,使得这种信念失效。一种新的信念出现了,违规者会受到野猪和其他动物造成的农作物损失的惩罚。然而,那些在个人和家庭层面实践这种信仰的人仍然相信老虎和神灵之间的联系以及它们在森林利用中的作用。因此,上述因素对老虎信仰的影响因社会水平而异;老虎的灭绝并不一定会导致社会各阶层信仰的消失。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Tropics
Tropics ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
7
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