Chronic pelvic pain associated with Nutcraker Phenomenon and pelvic congestion: a case report

Abstract

Chronic pelvic pain is a debilitating disease with considerable impact on quality of life and productivity. It is defined as nonmenstrual or non-cyclic pelvic pain, with duration of at least 6 months, sufficiently intense to interfere in daily activities and requiring clinical or surgical treatment. One of the main causes of chronic pelvic pain is pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS), characterized by varying degrees of pain, dysuria, dysmenorhea, dyspareunia, and vulvar congestion, often associated with vulvar varicose veins. A study by Asciutto et al. showed that the left