FORMATION OF A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT ON THE MARKET OF PLANT PROTECTION IN THE SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problematical aspects of the formation of a competitive environment in the market of plant protection products in Ukraine in the system of sustainable development. The plant protection system is substantiated as a component of intensive crop cultivation technologies, which ensures a reduction in the number of harmful organisms, a reduction in the level of disease development and crop contamination based on preventive and agrotechnical measures, cultivation of resistant varieties, activation of natural entomophages. In this context, the basic approaches of integrated plant protection were investigated. It was established that it is expedient to determine the effectiveness of pesticide application at the macro level, along with the economic and ecological effect; it is expedient to take into account the social effect of protective measures. It has been proved that in practice it is more efficient to use a methodological approach, which is based on the determination of economic losses caused by the influence of the qualitative state of soils on human health indirectly through food products, and expressed in the form of expenses for the treatment of citizens, payment of disability certificates, as well as in the form of under produced GDP due to workers not coming to work due to diseases caused by poor nutrition. An analysis was made of the trends in the production of plant protection chemicals in Ukraine for the period from 2015 to 2021, which increased by 2.1 times, namely from 46.8 to 96.4 thousand tons. Approaches to changing the preparative forms of plant protection products on the market are considered. It is indicated that the number of powdered preparations and emulsion concentrates is decreasing. New, more ecological forms are being created: suspension concentrate, liquid paste, water-soluble granules, dry liquid suspension, microencapsulated. The selectivity of the action of drugs, especially herbicides, increases. The following main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the formation of a competitive environment in the market of plant protection products in Ukraine are highlighted: а) optimization of the use of plant protection products, taking into account the economic feasibility of their use in terms of population pressure based on the determination of the economic threshold of harm for each pest species and zone; в) strict compliance with the regulations for the use of plant protection products based on a comprehensive study of their sanitary and hygienic characteristics and conditions for ensuring safety at work. To increase the effectiveness of the formation of a competitive environment in the market of plant protection products in Ukraine, it is advisable to stimulate an increase in the share of organic and ecological methods of farming