Landscape-geochemical preconditions and regularities of toxic elements distribution on “Oleshkivski pisky” military training site territory

Abstract

It is characterized main features of landscape-geochemical structure of “Oleshkivski pisky” military range. It is analysed special aspects of military training activity influence on the of soils and plants contamination level with heavy metals. Sampling scheme for studying of heavy metals migration features, with respect to landscape structure of the territory is substantiated. Special features of heavy metals distribution in soils at different distances from firing positions within military range have been determined. It is investigated distribution and accumulation of I and II danger class heavy metals in soil and vegetational cover of the military training site. The regularities of spatial distribution of mobile and potentially accessible forms of heavy metals are determined. It was defined that content of heavy metals in three movable forms are represented in the following geochemical units, mg/kg: in acid soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > V > Ni > Co > Cd; in exchangeable form – Mn > Zn > Pb > V > Co = Ni > Cu > Cd; in water soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb = V > Co > Ni > Cd > Cu. It is presented studies results on accumulation intensity and the nature of distribution of gross and mobile heavy metals forms in soil space and on their migration in the soil profile. The dominant technogenic geochemical unit was extracted: Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > V > Co > Mn. Landscapes with maximum polyelement contamination have been identified. Landscape-geochemical map of “Oleshkivski pisky” military training site territory was drawn, relying on own field and experimental materials. Migration dynamics of Ni, Zn, Cu, V, Pb and other heavy metals mobile forms in the soil profile of soddy underdeveloped sandy soil during 2015–2019 under impact contamination levels has been determinated. The peculiarities of heavy metals mobile forms absorption in typical plant species of the military range territory during 2015–2019 vegetation periods were clarified.