Evaluation of the Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions Prevalence in Hospitalized Children in Sari City from 2014 to 2018: An Original Research

IF 0.3 Q4 PEDIATRICS
H. Houshmand, M. Shiran, J. Ghaffari, M. Abounoori, M. Maddah, Alireza Razavi, S. Askari, S. Bayat, G. Houshmand
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Abstract

Background: Drug allergy is a subtype of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) mediated by the immunologic system. Extreme drug allergy is poorly known in children that contribute to hospitalization in our region. Objectives: This research aimed to study major drug hypersensitivity reactions in the north of Iran among the hospitalized children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bou Ali Sina Hospital in the north of Iran. We analyzed the medical files of 140 children admitted to the hospital with drug allergies from 2014 to 2018. The inclusion criteria were based on the DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) scoring system, and those who scored more than four were enrolled. Patients with incomplete medical charts were excluded. The sampling methodology was based on the consecutive census method. Results: In the current study, 62 patients were females (44.29%), and 78 were males (55.71%). Ninety-six cases (68.57%) were children under five, and 44 cases (31.43%) were over five years old. Most ADRs were seen in patients from urban areas (58.57%) than in rural areas (41.43%). In 116 children (82.6%), maculopapular rashes were seen. Phenobarbital and cefalexin had the highest levels of drug reactions, including 85 persons (55.19%) and 18 persons (11.69%), respectively. Pruritus, fever, and scaling were the most common symptoms observed in the patients. The most commonly used treatment was antihistamines. Conclusions: The most causative medication inducing ADR was phenobarbital. The maculopapular rash was the most common skin manifestation, and there were no relationships between sex, age, medication type, and type of hypersensitivity reactions.
2014 - 2018年沙丽市住院儿童药物超敏反应发生率评价:原创性研究
背景:药物过敏是由免疫系统介导的药物不良反应(ADR)的一种亚型。在我们地区,极端药物过敏在导致住院的儿童中所知甚少。目的:本研究旨在研究伊朗北部住院儿童的主要药物过敏反应。方法:本横断面研究在伊朗北部的Bou Ali Sina医院进行。我们分析了2014年至2018年住院的140名药物过敏儿童的医疗档案。纳入标准基于DRESS(药物反应伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和全身性症状)评分系统,评分大于4分者入组。排除病历不完整的患者。抽样方法采用连续普查法。结果:本组患者中,女性62例(44.29%),男性78例(55.71%)。5岁以下儿童96例(68.57%),5岁以上44例(31.43%)。不良反应发生率以城市(58.57%)高于农村(41.43%)。116例(82.6%)患儿出现黄斑丘疹。苯巴比妥和头孢氨苄的药物反应发生率最高,分别为85人(55.19%)和18人(11.69%)。瘙痒、发热和结垢是患者最常见的症状。最常用的治疗方法是抗组胺药。结论:引起不良反应的最主要药物是苯巴比妥。黄斑丘疹是最常见的皮肤表现,与性别、年龄、药物类型和过敏反应类型无关。
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