Effects of mid-level moisture and environmental flow on the development of afternoon thunderstorms in Taipei

IF 0.8 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
S. Tsujino, H. Kuo, Hungjui Yu, Buo‐Fu Chen, K. Tsuboki
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Afternoon thunderstorms (TSs) over the Taipei metropolitan area often cause meteorological disasters. Further understanding of essential factors for TS organization is important for improving prediction accuracy. This study conducts numerical simulations in two real situations with different environmental profiles: a heavy rainfall (TS) case and a no rainfall (NoTS) case. The TS simulation reasonably captures the afternoon rainfall in the Taipei basin. The thermal structure and sea breeze evolution in the simulations are verified by the observation from a field campaign. In both cases, the sea breeze develops in the afternoon. Weak environmental flow and high humidity are observed in the TS case. In contrast, a thick and dry layer with southeasterly wind above 2-km height is presented in the NoTS case. Four idealized experiments are then performed with the initial conditions based on the actual TS/ NoTS soundings and with/without the southeasterly environmental flows. Despite the different thermal profiles, the two simulations without the southeasterly flows exhibit qualitatively similar rainfall distribution and the evolution of the sea breeze to that of the real TS simulation. However, with the southeasterly environmental flows, the simulation with the NoTS sounding exhibits considerably less convection and rainfall. Therefore, not only moisture profiles but also environmental wind profiles are critical to the TS organization. Novelly, this study further shows that the environmental flow contributes to the suppression of afternoon TSs through keeping entrainment due to the continuous supply of the dry airmass. Article history: Received 13 June 2021 Revised 29 September 2021 Accepted 17 November 2021
台北市中高层湿度及环境气流对午后雷暴发展的影响
台北市区上空的午后雷暴经常造成气象灾害。进一步了解TS组织的基本因素对于提高预测精度非常重要。本文对两种不同环境剖面的实际情况进行了数值模拟:强降雨(TS)和无降雨(NoTS)。TS模拟较好地捕捉了台北盆地的午后降水。模拟中的热结构和海风演变通过野外观测得到了验证。在这两种情况下,海风都是在下午形成的。在TS情况下观察到弱环境流动和高湿度。相反,在NoTS的情况下,出现了一个厚而干燥的东南风层,高度在2 km以上。然后在TS/ NoTS实际测深的初始条件下,在有/没有东南环境流的情况下,进行了四次理想实验。尽管热廓线不同,但没有东南气流的两个模拟的降水分布和海风演变与真实TS模拟的质量相似。然而,在东南环境气流下,NoTS测深模拟显示对流和降雨明显减少。因此,不仅湿度剖面,而且环境风剖面对TS组织至关重要。新的研究进一步表明,由于干气团的持续供应,环境气流通过保持夹带有助于抑制下午TSs。文章历史:2021年6月13日收稿2021年9月29日修稿2021年11月17日收稿
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
29
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: The major publication of the Chinese Geoscience Union (located in Taipei) since 1990, the journal of Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (TAO) publishes bi-monthly scientific research articles, notes, correspondences and reviews in all disciplines of the Earth sciences. It is the amalgamation of the following journals: Papers in Meteorological Research (published by the Meteorological Society of the ROC) since Vol. 12, No. 2 Bulletin of Geophysics (published by the Institute of Geophysics, National Central University) since No. 27 Acta Oceanographica Taiwanica (published by the Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University) since Vol. 42.
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