Vegetation of chalk outcrops of Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Rastitel''nost'' Rossii Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.31111/vegrus/2021.40.3

Y. Golovanov, S. Yamalov, M. Lebedeva, A. Korolyuk, L. Abramova, N. Dulepova

{"title":"Vegetation of chalk outcrops of Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories","authors":"Y. Golovanov, S. Yamalov, M. Lebedeva, A. Korolyuk, L. Abramova, N. Dulepova","doi":"10.31111/vegrus/2021.40.3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The results of long-term studies of the vegetation of chalk outcrops of the Orenburg region (Russian Federation) and North-West Kazakhstan on Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories are presented. Chalk outcrops are unique botanical-geographical sites located in steppe and desert zones of Eurasia. Specific communities of calcephyte plant species have spread in these areas, in places of outcrops or close occurrence from the surface of upper-Cretaceous carbonate rocks. The flora of chalk outcrops is characterized by a great amount of rare species, mainly endemic, associated with peculiar substrates, the locality of habitats, and the historical past of the area of outcrops location (Matyshenko, 1985) The history of the study of flora and vegetation of chalk outcrops is given. Synthaxonomic studies of chalk vegetation as part of the ecological-floristic approach cover only territories west of the Volga river (Poluyanov, 2009; Averinova, 2011, 2016; Demina, 2014; Demina et al., 2016; Didukh et al., 2018). Chalk highlands of the North-West Kazakhstan and adjacent regions of the Russian Federation occupy quite large areas. However, up to date, there is no data on the vegetation diversity of these territories based on complete geobotanical relevés, that is why their synthaxonomy remains undeveloped. The study area with 15 massifs of chalk outcrops (Fig. 1) includes the Orenburg region (Novosergievsky, Perevolotsky, Sol-Iletskiy, Akbulak and Gaysky districts), and Aktobe (Hobdinsky, Uilsky and Bayganinsky district) and Atyrau (Zhylyoysky district) regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The largest massifs in the Orenburg region of the Russian Federation are: Starobelogorskie (Fig. 2), Chesnokovskie (Fig. 3), Verkhnechibendinskie (Fig. 6), Troitskie (Fig. 7), Pokrovskie Chalk Mountains (Fig. 4) and Durtel mountain (Fig. 5). Chalk massif Akshatau (Fig. 8) and the range Aktolagai (Fig. 9) are the largest within Aktobe region. The investigated sites are mostly located on the Sub-Ural Plateau, which extended from the southern regions of the Orenburg region to the Emba River in the territory of Aktobe region. They are less common within the Obschiy Syrt and sporadic in the Guberlinskie mountains. The study area covers a wide range of zonal vegetation from dry steppes in the northern part of the gradient to northern deserts in the southern one. The dataset includes 270 relevés of chalk outcrops communities performed by the authors in 2014–2019. The primary classification was carried out using TWINSPAN algorithm. As a result three groups of communities are established. The first group is communities of the Emben Plateau, the most southern area; second is communities on relatively developed soils in the slopes bases, depressions between chalk ridges and on their flat tops; third is widespread communities on most of the Podural Plateau and Obschy Syrt, excluding the Emben Plateau. Comparison with associations of calcephyte, semidesert and steppe vegetation (Golub, 1994; Kolomiychuk, Vynokurov, 2016; Lysenko, Yamalov, 2017; Didukh et al., 2018; Korolyuk, 2017) was made to determine the position of studied communities in the system of ecological-floristic classification of the herbasceous vegetation of Eurasia. Cluster analysis results (Fig. 10) revealed the significant specificity the chalk outcrops of the Sub-Ural Plateau in comparison with calciphytic communities of Eastern Europe, as well as with deserts and steppes zonal vegetation. That was the reason to describe a new class for vegetation of the studied chalk outcrops. The class Anabasietea cretaceae Golovanov class nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species: Anabasis cretacea, Anthemis trotzkiana, Artemisia salsoloides, Atraphaxis decipiens,Crambe aspera, Echinops meyeri, Jurinea kirghisorum, Hedysarum tscherkassovae, Lepidium meyeri, Limonium cretaceum, Linaria cretacea, Matthiola fragrans, Nanophyton erinaceum, Seseli glabratum, Zygophyllum pinnatum;holotypus is order Anabasietalia cretaceae ord. nov. hoc loco. Class combines calciphytic, mainly semi-shrub communities on the outcrops of chalk and marl rocks of the south of the Orenburg region and North-West Kazakhstan within the steppe (subzones of the true and desert steppes) and desert zone. The central order, Anabasietalia cretaceae Golovanov ord. nov. hoc loco, is described;holotypus is alliance Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemision salsoloidis all. nov. hoc loco. Three alliances identified within the order reflect both community distribution along the latitudinal gradient and succession stages. The alliance Sileno fruticulosae–Nanophytonion erinacei Lebedeva all. nov hoc loco is poor-species communities, located mainly on the chalk massifs in the southern part of the Sub-Ural Plateau (Emben Plateau) and adjacent territories. Holotypus of the alliance is ass. Onosmo staminei–Anabasietum cretaceae ass. nov. hoc loco with highly constant desert plant species (Anabasis salsa, Artemisia terrae-albae, Atriplex cana, Limonium suffruticosum, Rhammatophyllum pachyrhizum, etc.). It includes the ass. Onosmo staminei–Anabasietum cretaceae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 1–3; Tables 4–6). Holotypus hoc loco: Table 4, rel. no. 9 (YS19-034): Republic of Kazakhstan, Atyrau region, Zhylyojskij district, 10 km W Aktologay ridge, 47.48514° N, 54.97647° E, 19.05.2019, collector Yamalov S. M.) The alliance Anabasio cretaceae–Agropyrion desertorum Korolyuk all. nov hoc loco.Holotypus is ass. Agropyro desertorum–Artemisietum lessingianae ass. nov. hoc loco. Alliance includes communities in flat habitats with well-developed soils at the foot of the chalk hills in the central and northern parts of the Sub-Ural Plateau, on the chalk rock outflows, as well on their tops. Active are species of deserts and galophytic communities of the classes Artemisietea lerchianae and Festuco-Puccinellietea, as well as these of dry and desert steppes of the order Tanaceto achilleifolii–Stipetalia lessingianae. There are 2 associations: Agropyro desertorum–Artemisietum lessingianae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 4; Table 7; fig. 23; holotypus hoc loco: Table 7, rel. no 8 (YS15-019)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Troitsk Chalk Mountains, 10 km SW vil. Troitsk, 50.65317° N, 54.542° W, 06.06.2015, collector Yamalov S. M.) and Psephello marschallianae–Artemisietum lerchianae ass. nov. hoc loco ((Table. 3, syntaxon 5; Table 8; fig. 24); holotypus hoc loco: Table 8, rel. no 15 (YS19-050), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Hobdinsky district, chalk mountains 16 km NE vil. Zhantalap, 50.39986° N, 56.05054° N, 21.05.2019, collector Yamalov S. M.). The alliance Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemision salsoloidis Yamalov all. nov hoc loco.Holotypus is ass. Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemisietum salsoloidis ass. nov. Alliance includes the cenoses of the chalk highlands of the Sub-Ural Plateau (except for its extremely southern part) and the Obschiy Syrt. These are both communities of the initial and more advanced succession stages. The high constancy of Anthemis trotzkiana and Artemisia salsoloides, as well as the presence of petrophytic species widely distributed in the rocky steppes of the Southern Ural (Alyssum tortuosum, Centaurea marchalliana, Euphorbia seguieriana, Galium octonarium) are character for the alliance cenophlora. There are three associations— Nanophytono erinacei–Jurinetum kirghisori ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 6; Table 9; Fig. 25; holotypus hoc loco: Table 9, rel. no 7 (GY18-070)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Verhnechibendinskie Chalk Mountains, 10 km W vil. Troitsk, 50.6562° N, 54.44272° W, 07.06.2016, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemisietum salsoloidis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 7, 8; Tables 10, 11; Fig. 26; holotypus hoc loco: Table 10, rel. no 20 (GY15-047)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Troitsk Chalk Mountains, 10 km NW vil. Troitsk, 50.65267° N, 54.54217° E, 06.06.2015, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); Onosmo simplicissimae–Anthemietum trotzkianae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 9; tab. 12; Fig. 27); holotypus hoc loco: Table 12, rel. no 1 (GY19-011)), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Uilskii district, Terektytau, 10 km NE vil. Akshatau, 49.43507° N, 54.60127° E, 15.05.2019, collector — Golovanov Ya. M.). There are 2 associations in the class Festuco-Brometea. Within the dry steppe order Tanaceto achilleifolii–Stipetalia lessingianae this is Bassio prostratae–Agropyretum desertorum ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 10, 11; Table 13), holotypus hoc loco: Table 13, rel. no 8 (GY19-004)), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Uilskii district, Terektytau, 10 km NE vil. Akshatau, 49.42942° N, 54.60047° E, 15.05.2019, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); within the true steppe order Helictotricho-Stipetalia this isass. Anthemido trotzkianae–Thymetum guberlinensis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 12; Table 14); holotypus hoc loco: Table 14, rel. no 8 (GY14-012)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Gayskii district, chalk mountain Dyurtel, 4 km NE vil. Starohalilovo, 51.504° N, 58.157° E, 27.06.2014, collector Golovanov Ya. M.). The result of the research of chalk outcrops vegetation of Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories is new class Anabasietea cretaceae which includes 1 order, 3 alliances, 6 associations, 3 subassociations, 2 variants and 9 facies.","PeriodicalId":37606,"journal":{"name":"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"4","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2021.40.3","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Abstract

The results of long-term studies of the vegetation of chalk outcrops of the Orenburg region (Russian Federation) and North-West Kazakhstan on Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories are presented. Chalk outcrops are unique botanical-geographical sites located in steppe and desert zones of Eurasia. Specific communities of calcephyte plant species have spread in these areas, in places of outcrops or close occurrence from the surface of upper-Cretaceous carbonate rocks. The flora of chalk outcrops is characterized by a great amount of rare species, mainly endemic, associated with peculiar substrates, the locality of habitats, and the historical past of the area of outcrops location (Matyshenko, 1985) The history of the study of flora and vegetation of chalk outcrops is given. Synthaxonomic studies of chalk vegetation as part of the ecological-floristic approach cover only territories west of the Volga river (Poluyanov, 2009; Averinova, 2011, 2016; Demina, 2014; Demina et al., 2016; Didukh et al., 2018). Chalk highlands of the North-West Kazakhstan and adjacent regions of the Russian Federation occupy quite large areas. However, up to date, there is no data on the vegetation diversity of these territories based on complete geobotanical relevés, that is why their synthaxonomy remains undeveloped. The study area with 15 massifs of chalk outcrops (Fig. 1) includes the Orenburg region (Novosergievsky, Perevolotsky, Sol-Iletskiy, Akbulak and Gaysky districts), and Aktobe (Hobdinsky, Uilsky and Bayganinsky district) and Atyrau (Zhylyoysky district) regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The largest massifs in the Orenburg region of the Russian Federation are: Starobelogorskie (Fig. 2), Chesnokovskie (Fig. 3), Verkhnechibendinskie (Fig. 6), Troitskie (Fig. 7), Pokrovskie Chalk Mountains (Fig. 4) and Durtel mountain (Fig. 5). Chalk massif Akshatau (Fig. 8) and the range Aktolagai (Fig. 9) are the largest within Aktobe region. The investigated sites are mostly located on the Sub-Ural Plateau, which extended from the southern regions of the Orenburg region to the Emba River in the territory of Aktobe region. They are less common within the Obschiy Syrt and sporadic in the Guberlinskie mountains. The study area covers a wide range of zonal vegetation from dry steppes in the northern part of the gradient to northern deserts in the southern one. The dataset includes 270 relevés of chalk outcrops communities performed by the authors in 2014–2019. The primary classification was carried out using TWINSPAN algorithm. As a result three groups of communities are established. The first group is communities of the Emben Plateau, the most southern area; second is communities on relatively developed soils in the slopes bases, depressions between chalk ridges and on their flat tops; third is widespread communities on most of the Podural Plateau and Obschy Syrt, excluding the Emben Plateau. Comparison with associations of calcephyte, semidesert and steppe vegetation (Golub, 1994; Kolomiychuk, Vynokurov, 2016; Lysenko, Yamalov, 2017; Didukh et al., 2018; Korolyuk, 2017) was made to determine the position of studied communities in the system of ecological-floristic classification of the herbasceous vegetation of Eurasia. Cluster analysis results (Fig. 10) revealed the significant specificity the chalk outcrops of the Sub-Ural Plateau in comparison with calciphytic communities of Eastern Europe, as well as with deserts and steppes zonal vegetation. That was the reason to describe a new class for vegetation of the studied chalk outcrops. The class Anabasietea cretaceae Golovanov class nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species: Anabasis cretacea, Anthemis trotzkiana, Artemisia salsoloides, Atraphaxis decipiens,Crambe aspera, Echinops meyeri, Jurinea kirghisorum, Hedysarum tscherkassovae, Lepidium meyeri, Limonium cretaceum, Linaria cretacea, Matthiola fragrans, Nanophyton erinaceum, Seseli glabratum, Zygophyllum pinnatum;holotypus is order Anabasietalia cretaceae ord. nov. hoc loco. Class combines calciphytic, mainly semi-shrub communities on the outcrops of chalk and marl rocks of the south of the Orenburg region and North-West Kazakhstan within the steppe (subzones of the true and desert steppes) and desert zone. The central order, Anabasietalia cretaceae Golovanov ord. nov. hoc loco, is described;holotypus is alliance Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemision salsoloidis all. nov. hoc loco. Three alliances identified within the order reflect both community distribution along the latitudinal gradient and succession stages. The alliance Sileno fruticulosae–Nanophytonion erinacei Lebedeva all. nov hoc loco is poor-species communities, located mainly on the chalk massifs in the southern part of the Sub-Ural Plateau (Emben Plateau) and adjacent territories. Holotypus of the alliance is ass. Onosmo staminei–Anabasietum cretaceae ass. nov. hoc loco with highly constant desert plant species (Anabasis salsa, Artemisia terrae-albae, Atriplex cana, Limonium suffruticosum, Rhammatophyllum pachyrhizum, etc.). It includes the ass. Onosmo staminei–Anabasietum cretaceae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 1–3; Tables 4–6). Holotypus hoc loco: Table 4, rel. no. 9 (YS19-034): Republic of Kazakhstan, Atyrau region, Zhylyojskij district, 10 km W Aktologay ridge, 47.48514° N, 54.97647° E, 19.05.2019, collector Yamalov S. M.) The alliance Anabasio cretaceae–Agropyrion desertorum Korolyuk all. nov hoc loco.Holotypus is ass. Agropyro desertorum–Artemisietum lessingianae ass. nov. hoc loco. Alliance includes communities in flat habitats with well-developed soils at the foot of the chalk hills in the central and northern parts of the Sub-Ural Plateau, on the chalk rock outflows, as well on their tops. Active are species of deserts and galophytic communities of the classes Artemisietea lerchianae and Festuco-Puccinellietea, as well as these of dry and desert steppes of the order Tanaceto achilleifolii–Stipetalia lessingianae. There are 2 associations: Agropyro desertorum–Artemisietum lessingianae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 4; Table 7; fig. 23; holotypus hoc loco: Table 7, rel. no 8 (YS15-019)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Troitsk Chalk Mountains, 10 km SW vil. Troitsk, 50.65317° N, 54.542° W, 06.06.2015, collector Yamalov S. M.) and Psephello marschallianae–Artemisietum lerchianae ass. nov. hoc loco ((Table. 3, syntaxon 5; Table 8; fig. 24); holotypus hoc loco: Table 8, rel. no 15 (YS19-050), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Hobdinsky district, chalk mountains 16 km NE vil. Zhantalap, 50.39986° N, 56.05054° N, 21.05.2019, collector Yamalov S. M.). The alliance Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemision salsoloidis Yamalov all. nov hoc loco.Holotypus is ass. Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemisietum salsoloidis ass. nov. Alliance includes the cenoses of the chalk highlands of the Sub-Ural Plateau (except for its extremely southern part) and the Obschiy Syrt. These are both communities of the initial and more advanced succession stages. The high constancy of Anthemis trotzkiana and Artemisia salsoloides, as well as the presence of petrophytic species widely distributed in the rocky steppes of the Southern Ural (Alyssum tortuosum, Centaurea marchalliana, Euphorbia seguieriana, Galium octonarium) are character for the alliance cenophlora. There are three associations— Nanophytono erinacei–Jurinetum kirghisori ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 6; Table 9; Fig. 25; holotypus hoc loco: Table 9, rel. no 7 (GY18-070)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Verhnechibendinskie Chalk Mountains, 10 km W vil. Troitsk, 50.6562° N, 54.44272° W, 07.06.2016, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemisietum salsoloidis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 7, 8; Tables 10, 11; Fig. 26; holotypus hoc loco: Table 10, rel. no 20 (GY15-047)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Troitsk Chalk Mountains, 10 km NW vil. Troitsk, 50.65267° N, 54.54217° E, 06.06.2015, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); Onosmo simplicissimae–Anthemietum trotzkianae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 9; tab. 12; Fig. 27); holotypus hoc loco: Table 12, rel. no 1 (GY19-011)), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Uilskii district, Terektytau, 10 km NE vil. Akshatau, 49.43507° N, 54.60127° E, 15.05.2019, collector — Golovanov Ya. M.). There are 2 associations in the class Festuco-Brometea. Within the dry steppe order Tanaceto achilleifolii–Stipetalia lessingianae this is Bassio prostratae–Agropyretum desertorum ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 10, 11; Table 13), holotypus hoc loco: Table 13, rel. no 8 (GY19-004)), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Uilskii district, Terektytau, 10 km NE vil. Akshatau, 49.42942° N, 54.60047° E, 15.05.2019, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); within the true steppe order Helictotricho-Stipetalia this isass. Anthemido trotzkianae–Thymetum guberlinensis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 12; Table 14); holotypus hoc loco: Table 14, rel. no 8 (GY14-012)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Gayskii district, chalk mountain Dyurtel, 4 km NE vil. Starohalilovo, 51.504° N, 58.157° E, 27.06.2014, collector Golovanov Ya. M.). The result of the research of chalk outcrops vegetation of Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories is new class Anabasietea cretaceae which includes 1 order, 3 alliances, 6 associations, 3 subassociations, 2 variants and 9 facies.

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乌拉尔高原及其邻近地区白垩露头植被

本文介绍了对奥伦堡地区(俄罗斯联邦)和哈萨克斯坦西北部乌拉尔高原及其邻近地区白垩露头植被的长期研究结果。白垩露头是位于欧亚大陆草原和沙漠地带的独特的植物地理遗址。在这些地区，在上白垩统碳酸盐岩表面的露头或近产地，分布着特定的钙生植物群落。白垩露头植物区系的特点是有大量的稀有物种，主要是终末种，与特殊的底物、生境的位置和露头所在地区的历史有关(Matyshenko, 1985)。作为生态-植物区系研究的一部分，白垩植被的分类学研究只覆盖了伏尔加河以西的地区(Poluyanov, 2009;Averinova, 2011, 2016;Demina, 2014;Demina et al.， 2016;Didukh et al.， 2018)。哈萨克斯坦西北部的白垩高地和俄罗斯联邦的邻近地区占据了相当大的面积。然而，到目前为止，还没有根据完整的地学资料汇编的关于这些领土的植被多样性的数据，这就是为什么它们的分类学仍然没有发展的原因。研究区有15块白垩露头(图1)，包括哈萨克斯坦共和国的Orenburg地区(Novosergievsky、Perevolotsky、Sol-Iletskiy、Akbulak和Gaysky地区)、Aktobe地区(Hobdinsky、Uilsky和Bayganinsky地区)和Atyrau地区(Zhylyoysky地区)。俄罗斯联邦奥伦堡地区最大的山体是:Starobelogorskie(图2)、Chesnokov-skie(图3)、verkhnechibendinsky(图6)、troitskie(图7)、pokrovsky白垩山(图4)和Durtel山(图5)。白垩山Akshatau(图8)和Aktolagai山脉(图9)是阿克托别地区最大的山体。调查的地点大多位于乌拉尔高原以南，从奥伦堡地区的南部地区延伸到阿克托别地区的伊巴河。它们在叙利亚境内不太常见，在古伯林斯基山脉零星分布。研究区地带性植被分布广泛，从北部的干草原到南部的北部沙漠。该数据集包括作者在2014-2019年对白垩露头群落进行的270次相关采样。采用TWINSPAN算法进行初步分类。因此，建立了三个社区群体。第一组是最南部恩本高原的群落;二是在相对发达的斜坡基部、白垩脊之间的洼地及其平顶上的群落;三是除恩本高原外，豆瓣高原和叙利亚北部大部分地区都有广泛的群落。与钙质植物、半沙漠和草原植被关联的比较(Golub, 1994;科洛米丘克，维诺库罗夫，2016;Lysenko, Yamalov, 2017;Didukh等人，2018;Korolyuk, 2017)，以确定所研究的群落在欧亚大陆草本植被生态-区系分类系统中的位置。聚类分析结果(图10)显示，与东欧的钙化群落以及沙漠和草原地带性植被相比，亚乌拉尔高原的白垩露头具有显著的特异性。这就是为研究的白垩露头植被描述一个新类别的原因。白垩纪Anabasietea白垩纪Golovanov类11 . hoc loco。诊断种:白垩木、黄杨、黄花蒿、白垩木、白垩木、吉林菊树、白垩木、黑桫椤、白垩木、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤;类结合了奥伦堡地区南部和哈萨克斯坦西北部的白垩和泥灰岩露头上的钙化，主要是半灌木群落，位于草原(真正的草原和沙漠草原的亚带)和沙漠地带。描述了中心目Anabasietalia白垩纪Golovanov ord. nov. hoc loco;holotypus是Anthemido trotzkianae-Artemision salsoloidis all联盟。11月特别的火线。群落内的3个联盟反映了群落沿纬度梯度的分布和演替阶段。Sileno fruticulose - nanophytion erinacei Lebedeva all联盟。特别生境是物种贫乏的群落，主要分布在乌拉尔高原南部(恩本高原)和邻近地区的白垩地块上。该联盟的Holotypus为ass. Onosmo staminei-Anabasietum白垩纪ass. nov。本文介绍了对奥伦堡地区(俄罗斯联邦)和哈萨克斯坦西北部乌拉尔高原及其邻近地区白垩露头植被的长期研究结果。白垩露头是位于欧亚大陆草原和沙漠地带的独特的植物地理遗址。在这些地区，在上白垩统碳酸盐岩表面的露头或近产地，分布着特定的钙生植物群落。白垩露头植物区系的特点是有大量的稀有物种，主要是终末种，与特殊的底物、生境的位置和露头所在地区的历史有关(Matyshenko, 1985)。作为生态-植物区系研究的一部分，白垩植被的分类学研究只覆盖了伏尔加河以西的地区(Poluyanov, 2009;Averinova, 2011, 2016;Demina, 2014;Demina et al.， 2016;Didukh et al.， 2018)。哈萨克斯坦西北部的白垩高地和俄罗斯联邦的邻近地区占据了相当大的面积。然而，到目前为止，还没有根据完整的地学资料汇编的关于这些领土的植被多样性的数据，这就是为什么它们的分类学仍然没有发展的原因。研究区有15块白垩露头(图1)，包括哈萨克斯坦共和国的Orenburg地区(Novosergievsky、Perevolotsky、Sol-Iletskiy、Akbulak和Gaysky地区)、Aktobe地区(Hobdinsky、Uilsky和Bayganinsky地区)和Atyrau地区(Zhylyoysky地区)。俄罗斯联邦奥伦堡地区最大的山体是:Starobelogorskie(图2)、Chesnokov-skie(图3)、verkhnechibendinsky(图6)、troitskie(图7)、pokrovsky白垩山(图4)和Durtel山(图5)。白垩山Akshatau(图8)和Aktolagai山脉(图9)是阿克托别地区最大的山体。调查的地点大多位于乌拉尔高原以南，从奥伦堡地区的南部地区延伸到阿克托别地区的伊巴河。它们在叙利亚境内不太常见，在古伯林斯基山脉零星分布。研究区地带性植被分布广泛，从北部的干草原到南部的北部沙漠。该数据集包括作者在2014-2019年对白垩露头群落进行的270次相关采样。采用TWINSPAN算法进行初步分类。因此，建立了三个社区群体。第一组是最南部恩本高原的群落;二是在相对发达的斜坡基部、白垩脊之间的洼地及其平顶上的群落;三是除恩本高原外，豆瓣高原和叙利亚北部大部分地区都有广泛的群落。与钙质植物、半沙漠和草原植被关联的比较(Golub, 1994;科洛米丘克，维诺库罗夫，2016;Lysenko, Yamalov, 2017;Didukh等人，2018;Korolyuk, 2017)，以确定所研究的群落在欧亚大陆草本植被生态-区系分类系统中的位置。聚类分析结果(图10)显示，与东欧的钙化群落以及沙漠和草原地带性植被相比，亚乌拉尔高原的白垩露头具有显著的特异性。这就是为研究的白垩露头植被描述一个新类别的原因。白垩纪Anabasietea白垩纪Golovanov类11 . hoc loco。诊断种:白垩木、黄杨、黄花蒿、白垩木、白垩木、吉林菊树、白垩木、黑桫椤、白垩木、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤、白桫椤;类结合了奥伦堡地区南部和哈萨克斯坦西北部的白垩和泥灰岩露头上的钙化，主要是半灌木群落，位于草原(真正的草原和沙漠草原的亚带)和沙漠地带。描述了中心目Anabasietalia白垩纪Golovanov ord. nov. hoc loco;holotypus是Anthemido trotzkianae-Artemision salsoloidis all联盟。11月特别的火线。群落内的3个联盟反映了群落沿纬度梯度的分布和演替阶段。Sileno fruticulose - nanophytion erinacei Lebedeva all联盟。特别生境是物种贫乏的群落，主要分布在乌拉尔高原南部(恩本高原)和邻近地区的白垩地块上。该联盟的Holotypus为ass. Onosmo staminei-Anabasietum白垩纪ass. nov。具有高度恒定的沙漠植物物种(沙沙、黄花蒿、蒺藜、枸杞、厚根鼠李等)的特殊地点。其中包括:Onos-mo staminei-Anabasietum白垩纪ae ass. nov. hoc loco(表3，句法群1-3;表4 - 6)。Holotypus hoc loco:表4，编号。9 (YS19-034):哈萨克斯坦共和国，Atyrau地区，Zhylyojskij地区，阿克托洛伊岭西10公里，47.48514°N, 54.97647°E, 19.05.2019，收集者Yamalov s.m.)白垩纪Anabasio - agropyrion desertorum Korolyuk all联盟。特别安排。黄花蒿(Agropyro desertora - artemisium lessingianae);联盟包括在乌拉尔高原中部和北部白垩山脚下、白垩岩石流出处以及白垩岩石顶部的平坦栖息地，土壤发育良好的社区。活跃的有沙漠植物群落的蒿类和茅属植物群落，以及干旱和沙漠草原的蒿类和蒿属植物群落。有2种关联:Agropyro desertorm - artemisietum lessingianae ass. nov. hoc loco(表3，句法4;表7;图23;表7，第8号(YS15-019))，俄罗斯联邦，奥伦堡地区，Sol-Ilets-kiy区，特罗伊茨克白垩山，西南10公里。Troitsk, 50.65317°N, 54.542°W, 2015年6月6日，收集者Yamalov S. m)和Psephello marschalliana - artemisietum lerchianae ass. nov. hoc loco(表3，句法5;表8;图24);holotypus hoc loco:表8，第15号(YS19-050)，哈萨克斯坦共和国，阿克图宾斯克州，霍布金斯基区，白垩山东北16公里。Zhantalap, 50.39986°N, 56.05054°N, 21.05.2019，收集器Yamalov s.m.)。托洛茨基亚纳-亚马洛夫联盟。特别安排。黄花蒿属(Anthemido trotzkianae-Artemisietum salsoloi-dis ass. 11)包括乌拉尔高原以南白垩高地的黄花蒿属(除了最南部)和叙利亚黄花蒿属(Obschiy Syrt)。这两个群落都处于演替的初始阶段和较高级阶段。南乌拉尔石质草原上普遍存在的岩生植物(Alyssum tortuosum, Centaurea marchalliana, Euphorbia seguieriana, Galium octonarium)和黄花菊(Anthemis trotzkiana)和沙蒿(Artemisia salsoloides)的高稳定性是该联盟的特征。有三个关联:Nanophytono erinaci - jurinetum kirghisori ass11 . hoc loco(表3，句法6;表9;图25;表9，第7号(GY18-070))，俄罗斯联邦，奥伦堡地区，索尔-伊莱茨基区，verhnechibendinsky白垩山脉，西城10公里。Troitsk, 50.6562°N, 54.44272°W, 07.06.2016，收集者Golovanov Ya。m .);trotzkianaanthemido - salsoloidis a . nov. hoc loco(表3，句法群7,8;表10、11;图26;表10，第20号(GY15-047))，俄罗斯联邦，奥伦堡地区，索尔-伊列茨基区，特罗伊茨克白垩山，西北10公里。Troitsk, 50.65267°N, 54.54217°E, 06.06.2015，收集者Golovanov Ya. M.);Onosmo simplicismaae - anthemietum trotzkianae ass. nov. hoc loco(表3，句法9;选项卡。12;图27);holotypus hoc loco:表12，编号1 (GY19-011)，哈萨克斯坦共和国，阿克图宾斯克地区，乌尔斯基区，捷列季托，东北10公里。Akshatau, 49.43507°N, 54.60127°E, 15.05.2019，收集器- Golovanov Ya。m)。在Festuco-Brometea类中有两个联想。在干草原目Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipetalia lessingianae中，这是Bassio prostratae-Agropyretum desertorum ass11 . hoc loco(表3,syntaxa 10,11;表13)，全息图:表13，第8号(GY19-004)，哈萨克斯坦共和国，阿克图宾斯克地区，乌尔斯基区，捷列季托，东北10公里。Akshatau, 49.42942°N, 54.60047°E, 15.05.2019，收集器Golovanov Ya。m .);在真正的草原目中，本目为无毛-无柄目。trotzkianaanthemido - thymetum guberlinensis ass11 . hoc loco(表3，句法组12;表14);holotypus hoc loco:表14，第8号(GY14-012))，俄罗斯联邦，奥伦堡地区，Gayskii区，Dyurtel白垩山，东北4公里。Starohalilovo, 51.504°N, 58.157°E, 27.06.2014，收集器Golovanov Ya。m)。乌拉尔高原及邻近地区白垩露头发育研究结果为Anabasietea白垩系新类，包括1阶、3盟、6组合、3亚组合、2变异体、9相。具有高度恒定的沙漠植物物种(沙沙、黄花蒿、蒺藜、枸杞、厚根鼠李等)的特殊地点。其中包括:Onos-mo staminei-Anabasietum白垩纪ae ass. nov. hoc loco(表3，句法群1-3;表4 - 6)。Holotypus hoc loco:表4，编号。9 (YS19-034):哈萨克斯坦共和国，Atyrau地区，Zhylyojskij地区，阿克托洛伊岭西10公里，47.48514°N, 54.97647°E, 19.05.2019，收集者Yamalov s.m.)白垩纪Anabasio - agropyrion desertorum Korolyuk all联盟。特别安排。黄花蒿(Agropyro desertora - artemisium lessingianae);联盟包括在乌拉尔高原中部和北部白垩山脚下、白垩岩石流出处以及白垩岩石顶部的平坦栖息地，土壤发育良好的社区。活跃的有沙漠植物群落的蒿类和茅属植物群落，以及干旱和沙漠草原的蒿类和蒿属植物群落。有2种关联:Agropyro desertorm - artemisietum lessingianae ass. nov. hoc loco(表3，句法4;表7;图23;表7，第8号(YS15-019))，俄罗斯联邦，奥伦堡地区，Sol-Ilets-kiy区，特罗伊茨克白垩山，西南10公里。Troitsk, 50.65317°N, 54.542°W, 2015年6月6日，收集者Yamalov S. m)和Psephello marschalliana - artemisietum lerchianae ass. nov. hoc loco(表3，句法5;表8;图24);holotypus hoc loco:表8，第15号(YS19-050)，哈萨克斯坦共和国，阿克图宾斯克州，霍布金斯基区，白垩山东北16公里。Zhantalap, 50.39986°N, 56.05054°N, 21.05.2019，收集器Yamalov s.m.)。托洛茨基亚纳-亚马洛夫联盟。特别安排。黄花蒿属(Anthemido trotzkianae-Artemisietum salsoloi-dis ass. 11)包括乌拉尔高原以南白垩高地的黄花蒿属(除了最南部)和叙利亚黄花蒿属(Obschiy Syrt)。这两个群落都处于演替的初始阶段和较高级阶段。南乌拉尔石质草原上普遍存在的岩生植物(Alyssum tortuosum, Centaurea marchalliana, Euphorbia seguieriana, Galium octonarium)和黄花菊(Anthemis trotzkiana)和沙蒿(Artemisia salsoloides)的高稳定性是该联盟的特征。有三个关联:Nanophytono erinaci - jurinetum kirghisori ass11 . hoc loco(表3，句法6;表9;图25;表9，第7号(GY18-070))，俄罗斯联邦，奥伦堡地区，索尔-伊莱茨基区，verhnechibendinsky白垩山脉，西城10公里。Troitsk, 50.6562°N, 54.44272°W, 07.06.2016，收集者Golovanov Ya。m .);trotzkianaanthemido - salsoloidis a . nov. hoc loco(表3，句法群7,8;表10、11;图26;表10，第20号(GY15-047))，俄罗斯联邦，奥伦堡地区，索尔-伊列茨基区，特罗伊茨克白垩山，西北10公里。Troitsk, 50.65267°N, 54.54217°E, 06.06.2015，收集者Golovanov Ya. M.);Onosmo simplicismaae - anthemietum trotzkianae ass. nov. hoc loco(表3，句法9;选项卡。12;图27);holotypus hoc loco:表12，编号1 (GY19-011)，哈萨克斯坦共和国，阿克图宾斯克地区，乌尔斯基区，捷列季托，东北10公里。Akshatau, 49.43507°N, 54.60127°E, 15.05.2019，收集器- Golovanov Ya。m)。在Festuco-Brometea类中有两个联想。在干草原目Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipetalia lessingianae中，这是Bassio prostratae-Agropyretum desertorum ass11 . hoc loco(表3,syntaxa 10,11;表13)，全息图:表13，第8号(GY19-004)，哈萨克斯坦共和国，阿克图宾斯克地区，乌尔斯基区，捷列季托，东北10公里。Akshatau, 49.42942°N, 54.60047°E, 15.05.2019，收集器Golovanov Ya。m .);在真正的草原目中，本目为无毛-无柄目。trotzkianaanthemido - thymetum guberlinensis ass11 . hoc loco(表3，句法组12;表14);holotypus hoc loco:表14，第8号(GY14-012))，俄罗斯联邦，奥伦堡地区，Gayskii区，Dyurtel白垩山，东北4公里。Starohalilovo, 51.504°N, 58.157°E, 27.06.2014，收集器Golovanov Ya。m)。乌拉尔高原及邻近地区白垩露头发育研究结果为Anabasietea白垩系新类，包括1阶、3盟、6组合、3亚组合、2变异体、9相。

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来源期刊

Rastitel''nost'' Rossii Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science

CiteScore

1.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The scientific journal Rastitel''nost'' Rossii is included in the Scopus database. Publisher country is Russia. The main subject areas of published articles are Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Plant Science, Общая биология.