Enfermedad tiroidea: una aproximación clínica y genética

Abstract

The thyroid gland is one of the endocrine organs responsible for regulating different metabolic processes, synthesizes thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, necessary for the functioning of the body. Hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland cannot produce enough thyroid hormone to meet the requirement for tissue, is the most common thyroid disorder and one of the major endocrine alterations. The most common causes are iodine deficiency and autoimmune chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. The clinical picture of hypothyroidism is quite broad, affecting different organs and systems. The management of this pathology is made with hormone replacement, levothyroxine is the indication for this. Hyperthyroidism on the other hand, refers to the sustained increase in thyroid hormones due to the increase of biosynthesis and secretion of the thyroid. The main causes include disease Graves Basedow (EG). Its clinical presentation is wide and varies from asymptomatic to a thyroid storm, which compromises the life of the patient. The treatment is based on anti-thyroid medications but other alternatives such as radioactive iodine and thyroidectomy have also designed. Diseases that directly affect the thyroid, such as cancer, are also of importance. Also diseases that directly affect the thyroid, including cancer, are of great importance; evidence from numerous studies suggests that genetic polymorphisms influence the risk of carcinogenesis and the genetic susceptibility is an important factor in cancer development. Genetic advances in this disease have allowed more thorough understanding of the differences in the behavior of thyroid disorders between one person and another, also have created a new starting point for drug treatment.