Vector Control for Mosquito in Ethiopia: A Review Article

Abstract

Vector transmitted diseases remains a serious public health burden in the world. The current core methods used for malaria vector control interventions worldwide are Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets, with Larval Source Management (LSM) applicable in certain settings where mosquito breeding sites are few, fixed and findable. Mosquitoes transmit many diseases including malaria, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, and filariasis. Of these, malaria transmitted primarily by Anopheles gambiae, dengue transmitted by Aedes aegypti and lymphatic filariasis transmitted by Culex quinquifasciatus are the most devastating problems in terms of the global number of people affected. Insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying have been widely used as front-line tools against malaria vectors in endemic African regions. These preventive measures are highly effective against malaria vectors, which prefer to bite and rest inside the rooms. Some of the adulticide used for mosquito control include products derived from microorganisms, plants or minerals, synthetic molecules, organophosphates, some natural pyrethrins, or synthetic pyrethroids.