TiO2 nanotubes film/FTO glass interface: Thermal treatment effects

IF 1.4 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Science of Sintering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.2298/sos2202235v

J. Vujancevic, Andjelika Bjelajac, K. Veltruská, V. Matolín, Z. Siketić, G. Provatas, M. Jakšić, G. Stan, G. Socol, I. Mihăilescu, V. Pavlović, D. Janackovic

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pure Ti films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on FTO glass were anodized to fabricate TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) arrays. The TiO2 NTs/FTO samples were sintered at 450, 550 and 630?C, in ambient air. The thermal treatment did not influence the crystal phase composition, preserving in all cases the anatase single phase. As expected, the crystalline anatase quality improved with the annealing temperature. Nevertheless, slight differences in nanotubular morphology, such as the appearance of grains inside the walls, were observed in the case of the sample sintered at 630?C. Chemical analysis by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of annealed samples revealed the presence of Sn inside TiO2 NTs, due to diffusion of Sn from the substrate to TiO2. For the substrate was used FTO glass whose top layer consists of SnO2 doped with F. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Time-of-Flight Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis were carried out to study the elemental depth profile of the films. It was found that the temperature of sintering controls the Sn diffusion inside TiO2 film. Sn atoms diffuse towards the TiO2 NTs surface for the samples annealed at 450 and 550?C. The diffusion is however hindered in the case of the heat treatment at 630?C. Besides, the Ti diffusion into the SnO2 underlayer was observed, together with the formation of TiO2/SnO2 interfaces. One then expected but not a great difference in absorption between samples, since all contained anatase phase, as confirmed by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. A higher amount of Sn was however detected for the sample annealed at 550?C, which accounts for a slight red absorption shift. The importance of controlling the annealing parameters of the anodized TiO2/FTO structures was highlighted through the formation of TiO2-SnO2 interfaces and the Sn insertion from FTO, which can play an essential role in increasing the photoperformances of TiO2 NTs/FTO based structures of photovoltaic cells.

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TiO2纳米管薄膜/FTO玻璃界面:热处理效果

采用射频磁控溅射法在FTO玻璃上沉积了纯钛薄膜，并用阳极氧化法制备了TiO2纳米管阵列。TiO2 NTs/FTO样品分别在450、550和630℃下烧结。C，在环境空气中。热处理不影响晶相组成，在所有情况下均保留锐钛矿单相。正如预期的那样，随着退火温度的升高，锐钛矿的结晶质量得到改善。然而，在630℃烧结的样品中，观察到纳米管形态的细微差异，例如壁内颗粒的外观。通过对退火样品的x射线光电子能谱进行化学分析发现，由于锡从衬底扩散到TiO2中，TiO2 NTs内部存在锡。衬底采用FTO玻璃，其顶层由掺有f的SnO2组成，采用卢瑟福后向散射光谱法和飞行时间弹性后坐力检测分析研究了薄膜的元素深度分布。结果表明，烧结温度控制着锡在TiO2膜内的扩散。在450℃和550℃退火的样品中，Sn原子向TiO2 NTs表面扩散。然而，在630℃热处理时，扩散受到阻碍。此外，还观察到Ti向SnO2下层扩散，并形成TiO2/SnO2界面。然后，人们预计样品之间的吸收差异不大，因为所有样品都含有锐钛矿相，漫反射光谱证实了这一点。然而，在550℃退火的样品中检测到较高的锡含量。C，这解释了轻微的红色吸收位移。通过TiO2- sno2界面的形成和FTO中Sn的插入，强调了控制阳极氧化TiO2/FTO结构退火参数的重要性，这对于提高光伏电池TiO2 NTs/FTO结构的光性能起着至关重要的作用。

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来源期刊

Science of Sintering 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

46.70%

发文量

审稿时长

3.3 months

期刊介绍： Science of Sintering is a unique journal in the field of science and technology of sintering. Science of Sintering publishes papers on all aspects of theoretical and experimental studies, which can contribute to the better understanding of the behavior of powders and similar materials during consolidation processes. Emphasis is laid on those aspects of the science of materials that are concerned with the thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of sintering and related processes. In accordance with the significance of disperse materials for the sintering technology, papers dealing with the question of ultradisperse powders, tribochemical activation and catalysis are also published. Science of Sintering journal is published four times a year. Types of contribution: Original research papers, Review articles, Letters to Editor, Book reviews.