Understanding what works and what doesn't in reducing adolescent sexual risk-taking.

Kirby Bd
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引用次数: 161

Abstract

Family Planning Perspectives Family dynamics and attachment also play a role: If parents appropriately supervise and monitor their children, and if the adolescents feel connected to their parents, they are less likely to engage in sexual risk-taking. Family values about sexual behavior and contraceptive use, and family sexual behaviors, also have an impact on the adolescents’ behavior. Moreover, peers’ norms and behavior regarding sex and contraceptive use affect an individual’s sexual and contraceptive behavior, as do adolescents’ partners’ support for contraception. Turning to the teenagers themselves, their age and hormone levels, their attachment to school and religious institutions, their engagement in other problem or risk behaviors, their emotional wellbeing, the characteristics of their relationships with romantic partners, any past history of sexual abuse, and their own sexual beliefs, attitudes, skills and motivations all affect their sexual or contraceptive behavior. In addition, Emerging Answers reviewed 73 studies measuring the impact of diverse types of programs. There was particularly strong evidence that four groups of programs are effective at reducing sexual risktaking or pregnancy: •sex and HIV education programs with certain qualities; •some clinic-patient protocols that focus on sexual behavior; •service learning programs that include both intensive voluntary service and ongoing small-group discussions about the service; and •the Children’s Aid Society–Carrera programs (CAS-Carrera programs), which include multiple youth development components, health services and close relationships with the staff. In addition, Emerging Answers found weaker evidence that a few other programs were effective. Douglas Kirby is senior research scientist at ETR Associates, Santa Cruz, CA. The author thanks Karin Coyle, Jill Denner and Sarah Brown for their comments on an early version of this viewpoint. Understanding What Works and What Doesn’t In Reducing Adolescent Sexual Risk-Taking
了解在减少青少年性冒险方面哪些有效,哪些无效。
家庭动态和依恋也起作用:如果父母适当地监督和监督他们的孩子,如果青少年感到与父母有联系,他们就不太可能从事冒险的性行为。家庭对性行为和避孕药具使用的价值观以及家庭性行为对青少年的行为也有影响。此外,同龄人在性行为和避孕方面的规范和行为会影响个体的性行为和避孕行为,青少年伴侣对避孕的支持也会影响个体的性行为和避孕行为。至于青少年本身,他们的年龄和激素水平,他们对学校和宗教机构的依恋,他们参与其他问题或风险行为,他们的情感健康,他们与浪漫伴侣的关系特征,任何过去的性虐待历史,以及他们自己的性信仰,态度,技能和动机都会影响他们的性行为或避孕行为。此外,新兴答案回顾了73项研究,衡量了不同类型项目的影响。有特别有力的证据表明,四组方案在减少性冒险或怀孕方面是有效的:•具有一定质量的性和艾滋病毒教育方案;•一些关注性行为的临床-患者协议;•服务学习计划,包括密集的志愿服务和关于服务的小组讨论;•儿童援助协会-卡雷拉方案(cas -卡雷拉方案),其中包括多个青年发展组成部分、保健服务和与工作人员的密切关系。此外,新兴答案发现了一些其他项目有效的较弱证据。道格拉斯·柯比(Douglas Kirby)是加州圣克鲁斯市ETR Associates的高级研究科学家。作者感谢卡琳·科伊尔(Karin Coyle)、吉尔·丹纳(Jill Denner)和莎拉·布朗(Sarah Brown)对这一观点早期版本的评论。了解在减少青少年性冒险方面什么有效,什么无效
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