Peran Intervensi Gizi Spesifik Dan Sensitif Dalam Perbaikan Masalah Gizi Balita Di Kota Bogor

Abstract

Abstract Indonesia is facing double burden of malnutrition among children under-five. To resolve the problem, National Movement on Acceleration of Nutrition Improvement Program was conducted in the form of First Thousand Days of Life (1000 HPK) through specific and sensitive nutritional interventions performed by the health and and non-health sectors. The aim of the study was to identify specific and sensitive interventions that have been done to resolve the nutritional problems of under-five children in Bogor city. This was a qualitative study on 12 informants from the health and nonhealth sector. Data were collected through indepth interviews. The results showed that specific nutritional interventions were for the child (monitoring of Posyandu, immunization, vitamin A, and supplementary foods), for mother (pregnancy class, supplementary foods for pregnant women, nutrition and health seminars) and for adolescents (iron supplementation program). Whereas the sensitive nutrition interventions were environmental health interventions (Friday or Sunday cleaning program, making biopori, constructing communal septic tank), poverty interventions (cash transfer program, family hope program and PNPM), and women’s empowerment interventions (education of health and nutrition, provision of seedlings for environment utilization). In conclusion, the specific and sensitive interventions should be integrated so the handling of the nutrition problems could be carried out sustainably. Keywords : overcoming the nutrition problem, specific nutrition interventions, sensitive nutrition intervention. Abstrak Indonesia mengalami permasalahan gizi ganda pada anak balita. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, dilakukan Gerakan Nasional Percepatan Perbaikan Gizi dalam rangka Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan (1000 HPK) melalui intervensi gizi spesifik dan sensitif baik oleh sektor kesehatan dan non–kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi intervensi spesifik dan sensitif apa saja yang telah dilakukan dalam menangulangi masalah gizi balita di Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif pada 12 informan baik dari sektor kesehatan dan non–kesehatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intervensi gizi spesifik yaitu intervensi balita (pemantauan balita di posyandu, imunisasi, vitamin A, dan PMT). Intervensi ibu (kelas ibu hamil, PMT ibu hamil, seminar gizi dan kesehatan) dan intervensi remaja (program tablet tambah darah/ TTD). Sedangkan intervensi gizi sensitive, yaitu : intervensi kesehatan lingkungan (program Jumat atau Minggu bersih, pembuatan biopori dan septictank komunal), intervensi kemiskinan (pemberian BLT, keluarga harapan, dana PNPM), dan intervensi pemberdayaan perempuan (penyuluhan kesehatan dan gizi, pemberian tanaman bibit untuk pemanfaatan lingkungan). Intervensi spesifik dan sensitif ini sebaiknya dipadukan agar penanganan masalah gizi dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Kata kunci : penanggulangan masalah gizi, intervensi gizi spesifik, intervensi gizi sensitif.