Ethical Management and Implementation of COVID-19 Immunity Passports and Vaccination Certificates: Lawfulness, Fairness, and Transparency

Abstract

This paper analyzes the outcomes of an exploratory review of the current research on the ethical management and implementation of COVID-19 immunity passports and vaccination certificates. The data used for this study was obtained and replicated from previous research conducted by Ada Lovelace Institute, Ipsos, SchengenVisaInfo.com, The Serco Institute, Survation, and Verywell. We performed analyses and made estimates regarding whether COVID-19 immunity passports would risk exacerbating discrimination in law. Data collected from 4,800 respondents are tested against the research model. Descriptive statistics of compiled data from the completed surveys were calculated when appropriate.