Restricting Human Rights and Increasing Discrimination through COVID-19 Vaccination Certificates: Necessity, Benefits, Risks, and Costs

Abstract

We draw on a substantial body of theoretical and empirical research on restricting human rights and increasing discrimination through COVID-19 vaccination certificates, and to explore this, we inspected, used, and replicated survey data from Access Now, Ada Lovelace Institute, Associated Press, Dynata, Morning Consult, and Redpoint Global, performing analyses and making estimates regarding rational and ethical COVID-19 vaccine certification schemes. Descriptive statistics of compiled data from the completed surveys were calculated when appropriate.