Perfil cognitivo del trastorno del espectro autista en población infantojuvenil: una revisión sistemática

IF 0.8 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Patricia Fernández-Alvarado, Iban Onandia-Hinchado
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Abstract

Cognitive profile of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Contradictory results have been found in relation to the cognitive profile that characterizes the population with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the available evidence about the cognitive deficits associated with ASD in children and adolescents. 26 studies were selected, encompassing the findings of a total of 1,229 child-young individuals with a diagnosis of ASD and 1,052 typically developing (TD). Studies since 2018 that compared performance in cognitive domains in between those populations were included. The results suggest that ASD present cognitive functioning that differs significantly from that of their peers with TD, with specific alterations in cognitive processes and domains, which is related to the way in which they process information and involves the affectation of other cognitive domains such attention, memory, executive functions, language, and social cognition. The main limitations of this review refer to the size of the sample in relation to the great variety of cognitive domains studied and the associated theoretical constructs, as well as the existence of a gender bias in the diagnosis of ASD. This work provides useful information on the cognitive profile of ASD, because studying and defining deeply the cognitive characterization of this population can contribute to improving early detection and the effectiveness of both clinical and educational interventions
儿童和青少年自闭症谱系障碍的认知概况:系统综述
儿童和青少年自闭症谱系障碍的认知概况:一项系统综述。关于自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)人群的认知特征,已经发现了相互矛盾的结果。本系统综述的目的是综合有关儿童和青少年与ASD相关的认知缺陷的现有证据。26项研究被选中,包括1229名被诊断为ASD的儿童和1052名典型发育(TD)儿童的研究结果。自2018年以来,研究人员对这些人群在认知领域的表现进行了比较。结果表明,ASD的认知功能与TD的同龄人有明显的不同,认知过程和领域有特定的改变,这与他们处理信息的方式有关,并涉及其他认知领域的影响,如注意、记忆、执行功能、语言和社会认知。本综述的主要局限性在于样本的大小与所研究的认知领域和相关理论结构的多样性有关,以及在ASD诊断中存在性别偏见。这项工作为ASD的认知特征提供了有用的信息,因为深入研究和定义这一人群的认知特征有助于提高早期发现和临床和教育干预的有效性
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
3.60%
发文量
27
审稿时长
16 weeks
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