Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Jatropha curcas Oil and Its Purification Using Solvent Fractionation

A. K. Wardhani, C. Hidayat
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced by transesterification. The problem in the product of transesterification is the presence of impurities such as mono-, di-, triglycerides, and free fatty acids. So that, the purification using solvent fractionation is needed to separate them from FAME. The objective of this research were to determine the effects of crude fatty acid methyl esters-to-acetone (CFAME/acetone) ratio on yield, purity, purification factor, and recovery of FAME after fractionation and to evaluate the impurities which were separated in each step of fractionation. FAME were produced from Jatropha curcas oil using Berchmans’s and Tiwari’s methods. The impurities were separated by solvent fractionation using acetone. CFAME/acetone ratios were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Fractionation was done stepwise namely 21 ° C, 16 ° C, 12 ° C, and 5 ° C. The results showed that the conversion of FAME using Tiwari’s method was 1.7-fold higher than Berchmans’s method. Purification of FAME using solvent fractionation resulted that the best CFAME/acetone ratio was 1. Yield decreased 1.6-fold at CFAME/acetone ratio 4. Purity decreased 8.74% with an increase in CFAME/acetone ratio 1 to 5. Purification factor decreased 2-fold at CFAME/acetone 1 to 3. Recovery decreased 1.3-fold at CFAME/acetone ratio 1 to 4. The impurities which were separated from FAME were mono-, di-, triglycerides, and free fatty acids and the major component of impurities was triglycerides (>59%). The results indicated that solvent fractionation could be used as an alternative method for purifying FAME and further study to optimize this method was needed.
麻疯树油脂肪酸甲酯的合成及其溶剂分离纯化
脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)是由酯交换反应生成的。酯交换产物中的问题是杂质的存在,如单、二、甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸。因此,需要采用溶剂分馏的纯化方法将其从FAME中分离出来。研究了粗脂肪酸甲酯-丙酮(CFAME/丙酮)配比对分离后FAME收率、纯度、纯化系数和回收率的影响,并对各步骤分离的杂质进行了评价。FAME是用Berchmans和Tiwari的方法从麻疯树油中提取的。杂质采用丙酮溶剂分馏分离。CFAME/丙酮比例分别为1、2、3、4和5。分别在21°C、16°C、12°C、5°C进行分馏,结果表明Tiwari法的FAME转化率比Berchmans法高1.7倍。采用溶剂分馏法纯化FAME,最佳CFAME/丙酮比为1。当CFAME/丙酮比为4时,产率降低1.6倍。当CFAME/丙酮比为1∶5时,纯度降低8.74%。在CFAME/丙酮浓度为1 ~ 3时,纯化系数降低了2倍。当CFAME/丙酮比为1:4时,回收率降低1.3倍。从FAME中分离出的杂质有单脂肪酸、二脂肪酸、甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸,杂质的主要成分为甘油三酯(>59%)。结果表明,溶剂分馏法可作为一种纯化法,但需进一步优化。
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