PECULIARITIES OF NATURAL TOPOGRAPHIC NAMES FUNCTIONING IN UKRAINIAN SPELLS

E. Boeva
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Abstract

The article proposes a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the topographic repertoire of Ukrainian spells. Peculiarities of topographical and toponymic vocabulary functioning in the most ancient texts of ritual folklore are deduced. It has been determined that the spells reflect different geographical areas with the help of 7 structural-and-semantic types of topolexes; their artistic-and-aesthetic focus has been identified. Geographical names as culturally loaded onyms in folklore texts carry a huge layer of culturally significant information in their semantics. In this case the name is an abridged history of the inner life and spirit of the people. The cultural component of the language at the vocabulary level (hence the proper names) to some extent fixes the culture of the people - the native speakers, reflects the inherent worldview of the people. It has been proved that the disclosure of the functional load and mechanisms of onomastic vocabulary in folklore texts will contribute to the clarification and deepening of the theoretical foundations of onomastics as a linguistic science. Each geographical name, entering folklore texts, is combined with a complex range of relations that can be restored only on the basis of a comprehensive systematic analysis of all manifestations of spiritual and material culture of the people, taking into account regional data distribution and knowledge of typologically related cultures. One of the toponyms’ functions in the texts of the spells is a targeted one, but this category of proper names in folklore texts performs not only a nominative function, but often acquires a generalized abstract meaning, adds other semes to their lexicographically fixed meaning, which implicitly contain people's attitudes to the world. It has been proved that geographical names appear in folklore genres as peculiar concepts of the linguistic-and-figurative sphere of the Slavic mentality. 
乌克兰符咒中自然地形名称的特点
文章提出了一种全面的方法来分析乌克兰法术的地形曲目。本文推导了最古老的民俗仪式文本中地形词汇和地名词汇的特点。借助7种拓扑结构和语义类型,确定了这些符文反映了不同的地理区域;他们的艺术和审美焦点已经确定。地名作为民俗文本中的文化承载名,在语义上承载着一层巨大的文化意义信息。在这种情况下,这个名字是人们内心生活和精神的简史。在词汇层面上,语言的文化成分(即专有名称)在一定程度上固定了人们的文化-母语人士,反映了人们固有的世界观。事实证明,揭示民俗语篇中拟声词汇的功能负荷和作用机制,有助于厘清和深化拟声学作为一门语言科学的理论基础。进入民俗文本的每一个地名都与一系列复杂的关系相结合,只有在综合系统地分析人民精神和物质文化的所有表现形式的基础上,考虑到区域数据分布和类型学相关文化的知识,才能恢复这些关系。在符咒文本中,地名的功能之一是有针对性的,但这类专有名词在民间传说文本中不仅具有指名道姓的功能,而且往往具有广义的抽象意义,在其词典化的固定意义上增加了其他意义,隐含着人们对世界的态度。事实证明,地名在民间文学体裁中是作为斯拉夫心理语言和比喻领域的特殊概念出现的。
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