{"title":"Characterization of Early and Late Adopters of ATM Card in Indian Banking Industry","authors":"Kamalpreet Kaur","doi":"10.21002/SEAM.V6I2.1321","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)The innovations and technological progress are engines of economic growth. Economists and other social scientists have attempted to understand the process of technology diffusion from time to time. When the real need arises, a new idea is generated in the social system which becomes innovation once it is adopted by the community. Thus, Innovation makes the initial idea commercially feasible, and then adoption of the technology by potential users leads to its diffusion (Khan, 2004).Banks have also tried to redefine themselves with new rules by transforming its operations to universal banking and adding new channels with lucrative deals (Indian Banking; McKinsey and Company, 2010). Hence, the banks introduce innovative products through e-banking and e-payment system. This can be regarded as one of the ways for the banks to survive in this environment by launching the electronic products in the market viz. Internet Banking, Plastic Cards, Electronic fund transfer, Mobile Banking etc. which are known for its unique features like more speed to conduct transactions, universal applicability, lesser financial cost etc. while taking into consideration the customers' needs, preferences, perceptions, convenience and need of an hour.In modern era banking industry, information technology has revolutionized the way to approach their customers through innovative products and services. As information technology becomes more and more sophisticated, banks in many parts of the world are adopting a multiple-channel strategy. Also, the right mix of banking channels depends not only on the channel characteristics, but also the preferences of the consumers within a particular market (Wan et.al, 2005). Thus, the new innovations being adopted by banks hold great promises for them to grab huge business opportunities by competing worldwide. In this way, the innovations itself have also lured the banks to reengineer themselves with tech savvy services which can be reached to their customers by bringing flexibility in their \"distribution channels\" (De Sarkar, 2001). These new enhancements and their acceptance have shifted the bank interest from product centric to customer centric and Electronic banking can be seen as one of that advantageous change.Innovation is thus one leading 'driving force' nowadays, in different businesses. It is therefore important to research the investments in technology and their impact in the bank business (Saunders and Walter, 1994; King and Sethi, 1994). The paper has been divided into six sections. Section I briefly explains the emergence of in formation technology in Indian banking industry, Section II elaborates the introduction and adoption of ATMs by banks in India, Section III deals with the previous literature related to study, Section IV describes the sample and need of the study, however Section V highlights the empirical results and last but not the least Section VI presents the concluding remarks of the results so found.LITERATURE REVIEWClassification of the Adopters of InnovationAny organization does not adopt any innovation suddenly; it takes series of actions and observations while actually that decision is to be taken. Hence, It is particularly important to assess how technology is reducing the 'labor intensive activities, reducing service and processing cost, increasing service levels, and improving the productivity and competitiveness of the organization (Ombati et al., 2010). The main factors contributing the adoption level of innovation are tend to be the organizational readiness, external pressure and perceived benefits (Shaharudin et al., 2012)Most of the diffusion studies have divided the organization's tendency to adopt the innovation in the categories viz. initiators, early adopters, late adopters and non adopters. It has been taken into consideration with the viewpoint of banks as follows:Initiators can be defined as the innovators that have no external pressure on the banks but they are ready to install new technology as they may have the resources and perceive the benefits in it. …","PeriodicalId":41895,"journal":{"name":"South East Asian Journal of Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21002/SEAM.V6I2.1321","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"South East Asian Journal of Management","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.21002/SEAM.V6I2.1321","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MANAGEMENT","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)The innovations and technological progress are engines of economic growth. Economists and other social scientists have attempted to understand the process of technology diffusion from time to time. When the real need arises, a new idea is generated in the social system which becomes innovation once it is adopted by the community. Thus, Innovation makes the initial idea commercially feasible, and then adoption of the technology by potential users leads to its diffusion (Khan, 2004).Banks have also tried to redefine themselves with new rules by transforming its operations to universal banking and adding new channels with lucrative deals (Indian Banking; McKinsey and Company, 2010). Hence, the banks introduce innovative products through e-banking and e-payment system. This can be regarded as one of the ways for the banks to survive in this environment by launching the electronic products in the market viz. Internet Banking, Plastic Cards, Electronic fund transfer, Mobile Banking etc. which are known for its unique features like more speed to conduct transactions, universal applicability, lesser financial cost etc. while taking into consideration the customers' needs, preferences, perceptions, convenience and need of an hour.In modern era banking industry, information technology has revolutionized the way to approach their customers through innovative products and services. As information technology becomes more and more sophisticated, banks in many parts of the world are adopting a multiple-channel strategy. Also, the right mix of banking channels depends not only on the channel characteristics, but also the preferences of the consumers within a particular market (Wan et.al, 2005). Thus, the new innovations being adopted by banks hold great promises for them to grab huge business opportunities by competing worldwide. In this way, the innovations itself have also lured the banks to reengineer themselves with tech savvy services which can be reached to their customers by bringing flexibility in their "distribution channels" (De Sarkar, 2001). These new enhancements and their acceptance have shifted the bank interest from product centric to customer centric and Electronic banking can be seen as one of that advantageous change.Innovation is thus one leading 'driving force' nowadays, in different businesses. It is therefore important to research the investments in technology and their impact in the bank business (Saunders and Walter, 1994; King and Sethi, 1994). The paper has been divided into six sections. Section I briefly explains the emergence of in formation technology in Indian banking industry, Section II elaborates the introduction and adoption of ATMs by banks in India, Section III deals with the previous literature related to study, Section IV describes the sample and need of the study, however Section V highlights the empirical results and last but not the least Section VI presents the concluding remarks of the results so found.LITERATURE REVIEWClassification of the Adopters of InnovationAny organization does not adopt any innovation suddenly; it takes series of actions and observations while actually that decision is to be taken. Hence, It is particularly important to assess how technology is reducing the 'labor intensive activities, reducing service and processing cost, increasing service levels, and improving the productivity and competitiveness of the organization (Ombati et al., 2010). The main factors contributing the adoption level of innovation are tend to be the organizational readiness, external pressure and perceived benefits (Shaharudin et al., 2012)Most of the diffusion studies have divided the organization's tendency to adopt the innovation in the categories viz. initiators, early adopters, late adopters and non adopters. It has been taken into consideration with the viewpoint of banks as follows:Initiators can be defined as the innovators that have no external pressure on the banks but they are ready to install new technology as they may have the resources and perceive the benefits in it. …
(ProQuest:……表示省略公式。)创新和技术进步是经济增长的引擎。经济学家和其他社会科学家不时试图理解技术扩散的过程。当真正的需求出现时,一个新的想法就会在社会系统中产生,一旦被社会采纳,这个想法就成为创新。因此,创新使最初的想法在商业上可行,然后由潜在用户采用该技术导致其扩散(Khan, 2004)。银行也试图用新的规则重新定义自己,将其业务转变为全能银行业务,并增加新的有利可图的交易渠道(印度银行;麦肯锡公司,2010)。因此,银行通过电子银行和电子支付系统推出创新产品。这可以看作是银行在这种环境下生存的方式之一,在考虑到客户的需求、偏好、感知、便利和一小时的需要的同时,在市场上推出电子产品,如网上银行、塑料卡、电子资金转账、手机银行等,以其更快的交易速度、普遍适用性、更低的财务成本等特点而闻名。在现代银行业中,信息技术通过创新的产品和服务彻底改变了与客户接触的方式。随着信息技术的日益成熟,世界上许多地区的银行都在采取多渠道战略。此外,银行渠道的正确组合不仅取决于渠道特征,还取决于特定市场中消费者的偏好(Wan et.al, 2005)。因此,银行正在采用的新创新为他们在全球竞争中抓住巨大的商业机会带来了巨大的希望。通过这种方式,创新本身也吸引了银行用技术娴熟的服务来重新设计自己,这些服务可以通过给他们的“分销渠道”带来灵活性来达到他们的客户(De Sarkar, 2001)。这些新的增强功能及其接受程度已经将银行的兴趣从以产品为中心转移到以客户为中心,而电子银行可以被视为这种有利的变化之一。因此,在当今不同的行业中,创新是一种主要的“驱动力”。因此,研究技术投资及其对银行业务的影响是很重要的(桑德斯和沃尔特,1994;King and Sethi, 1994)。本文共分为六个部分。第一节简要解释了信息技术在印度银行业的出现,第二节详细介绍了印度银行引入和采用atm机,第三节处理了以前与研究相关的文献,第四节描述了研究的样本和需要,然而第五节强调了实证结果,最后但并非最不重要的是第六节提出了结论。文献综述——创新采用者的分类任何组织都不会突然采用任何创新;在做出决定之前,需要一系列的行动和观察。因此,评估技术如何减少劳动密集型活动,降低服务和加工成本,提高服务水平,提高组织的生产力和竞争力尤为重要(Ombati et al., 2010)。影响创新采纳水平的主要因素往往是组织的准备程度、外部压力和感知利益(Shaharudin et al., 2012)。大多数扩散研究将组织采用创新的倾向分为发起者、早期采用者、晚期采用者和非采用者。从银行的角度考虑:发起者可以定义为对银行没有外部压力的创新者,但他们已经准备好安装新技术,因为他们可能拥有资源并从中获益。…