Planificación, resultados y anatomía de la vía aérea superior en síndrome de apnea/hipopnea obstructiva del sueño tras avance bimaxilar: 20 casos

Abstract

Objectives: To present the working protocol, clinical outcomes and upper airway changes of a 20patient cohort with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome undergoing maxillo-mandibular advancement with counterclockwise rotation. Material and methods: A multidisciplinary committee determines the surgical indication, which patients consent. Computed tomographies and polysomnographies are performed before and after surgery, as the usual clinical practice protocol. The clinical investigation ethics institutional review board approved the study. Lengths, volumes, minimum area, antero-posterior dimension, transverse dimension and other measurements are determined in the upper airway. Statistical analysis is descriptive and comparative by pairs with p < 0.05. Results: Planned movements are 10.40 mm of advance and 2.11 mm of anterior impaction. Apnea/hypopnea index reduces by 30.50 points and minimum peripheral capillary oxygen saturation increases by 5.00 points. Clinically and statistical significant findings are: 10.98 mm of shortening and 6.26 mm^3 of volume enlargement, especially in the retro-palatal compartment; 91.45 mm^2, 3.68 mm and 8.00 mm of area, antero-posterior dimension and transverse dimension widening respectively; hyoid bone advances 1.92 mm. Conclusions: Maxillo-mandibular advancement with counterclockwise rotation in moderatesevere obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome achieves in short-term follow-up apnea/hypopnea index < 15 in 80 % and minimum peripheral capillary oxygen saturation ˃ 85 in 75 % of our series. Main upper airway changes are: shortening, volume and area increase, elliptical shape, and antero-superior hyoid bone movement.